Russian Lessons: Time Schedule


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SUBJECT 8. WORK 
These days, when Russia is eager to move toward a market economy, one 
can expect rapidly rising unemployment (
безработица) [bye-zra-'bo-ti-tsa] in that 
country - a problem which seems especially awesome to a nation which for nearly 
seventy years felt itself completely immune to all social ills of the modern world. 
Право на труд ("right to work") was one of the rights recorded in the 
Soviet Constitution which did not remain only on paper. Moreover, each able-
bodied man under 60 years old and each healthy, single woman under 55 years 
old were required to work. Otherwise, they would have been denounced by the 
authorities as 
люди, живущие на нетрудовые доходы ("people living on 
income they did not earn"), or 
тунеядцы ("parasites"). 
If that happened
тунеядец "he-parasite" or тунеядка ("she-parasite") 
would at first have received a warning; and if, say, in three months they were still 
not working, they could be banished from their home city to some miserable 
settlement and forced to work there anyway. People in Leningrad were referring 
to this exile in the following words: 
сослать на сто первый километр ("to 
exile on 101st kilometre"), meaning that the above mentioned miserable 
settlement was located 101 km away from the city.
Married women were not required to work by law, but the overwhelming 
majority of them had to do this in order to make ends meet. Take, for example, my 
own, I would say, a typical professional family: a husband, a wife, and two 


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children. Both my wife and I worked full-time as engineers, yet we could not even 
dream of buying such "luxuries" as a colour television or new furniture, let alone a 
car. We certainly did not eat caviar, and even fruits were not among the items 
which we could afford to buy in sufficient quantities. 
I think that to a large extent low salaries were a result of full employment 

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