Samarkand state institute of foreign languages english faculty II department of integrated course of english language

The structure of the work. The course paper consists of an introduction, two chapters with conclusions at the end of each, a conclusion and a list of references.
CHAPTER I
MORPHOLOGY- WORD FORMATION

1. 
   The grammar of words: word building
   

The term “grammar” goes back to a Greek word that may be translated as the “art of writing”. However, later this word acquired a much wider sense and came to embrace the whole study of language. Now it is often used as the synonym of linguistics.
The grammar of a language consists of the sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning such as words, and the rules to combine all these to form sentences with the desired meaning. The grammar represents our linguistic competence. To understand the nature of language we must understand the nature of grammar.
Grammar – is the study of the structure of human language. A question comes immediately to mind: what does this study involve?
Grammar may be practical and theoretical. The aim of practical grammar is the description of grammar rules that are necessary to understand and formulate sentences.
The aim of theoretical grammar is to offer explanation for these rules. Generally speaking, theoretical grammar deals with the language as a functional system.
As a science grammar traditionally consists of two parts - morphology (principles of word formation) and syntax (principles of sentence structure).
Morphology describes how words are structured and formed, how their components (morphemes) are classified and combined. The subject of morphology as a science of word formation is a morphological structure of a word. It is described in such terms as a root, prefix, inflexion, etc.
Word formation is an important topic in the English curriculum. It permeates basically all parts of morphology and is of great importance for understanding many phenomena of the language. Word formation is the main way to enrich language. Therefore, when examining word formation, we follow the ways and means of renewing the dictionary. Word formation often involves word-forming elements (morphemes) that already exist in the language. This allows us to quickly and thoroughly discover the meanings of new or unknown words. Consequently, the study of word formation is closely connected with both the problems of the morphological structure of the word and the methods of replenishing the vocabulary of the language.
The object of grammar as a science about word changing is a paradigm of a word. Paradigm is a set of forms of a word (парадигма, совокупность форм словоизменения данной лексической единицы). For instance, plurality with nouns: table – tables; tense forms with verbs: walk – walked; case of some classes of pronoun: he – him and so on.
Paradigm on a lexical level is set of primary and secondary nominations within a lexical meaning; on the level of word building it is a set of derivatives; on the syntactic level it is a set of transformations of kernel sentence.
Morphology includes the study of such brunches as
Morphological structure of modern English. In order to define morphological structure of a language one must know what morphological type this language belongs to. Type of a language is a set of structural and functional features characterizing a group of languages. Scholars distinguish the following types of language: