Samarkand state institute of foreign languages english faculty II department of integrated course of english language

Composition of words. Compound words are words consisting of at least two stems that occur freely in the language. Most compound words in English have stress on the first syllable. For example, on a chalkboard, the focus is on the color black rather than the chalkboard. Compound adjectives and numerals have two main stresses, for example: hot, newborn, old, seventy-four, ninety-one.
Compounds have regular properties. Firstly, they have a binary structure. They always consist of two or more constituent lexemes. In a mixture consisting of three or more components, there must be pairs of them, for example, a vacuum cleaner manufacturer consists of a vacuum cleaner and a manufacturer, and a vacuum cleaner, in turn, consists of a vacuum cleaner and a vacuum cleaner. . Secondly, compound words usually have a head component. By the main component we mean that part that determines the syntactic features of the entire lexeme form, for example: The complex lexeme snow-white consists of the noun snow and the adjective white. The compound lexeme snow-white is an adjective, and it happens that since white is an adjective, white is the main component of the word snow-white. Compound words can be found in all major syntactic categories:
· nouns: sunlight, longboat; verbs: window shop; safeguard; adjectives: duty-bound, ice-cold; prepositions: into, onto, upon.
Morphologically complex words are classified according to the structure of their immediate components:
· compounds consisting of simple stems: strawberries, thrush;
· compounds in which at least one of the components is a derived stem: gas stove, mill;
· connections, one of the components of which is a trimmed stem: Victory Day, Christmas;
· compounds where one of the components is a complex stem: football player, trash can.
Another structural characteristic of compound words is the classification of compound words by type of composition. Based on this principle, two groups can be distinguished:
1) words formed by simple comparison, i.e. without any connecting elements: e.g. sale, schoolboy, grief, sunshine;
2) stems that are associated with the vowel or consonant standing between them: for example. seller, artisan.