Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti ingliz tili II fakulteti ingliz tili nazariyasi va adabiyoti kafedrasi

SEMINAR 16. Written speech culture.
Aim: To acquaint students with theories of oratory techniques applicable to their own learning and teaching situations
Objectives: By the end of the course students will:
• obtain an overview of key issues and research findings in oratory discussions and the ideas of the course to their thoughts and experiences both as learners and future teachers
• reflect on their own language learning processes by linking theories of oratory with practical experience
In a public speaking class, you will likely be asked to turn in an outline rather than a manuscript because speeches should not be considered oral presentations of a written text. It takes a lot of practice to make reading from a teleprompter (or a manuscript) sound natural. It takes even more practice to write in a style that sounds like speech. Although we’ve seen many speeches delivered from a teleprompter, it is important to remember that those speeches are usually written by professional speechwriters, who are familiar with the differences between written and spoken communication. For newer speakers who are writing their own speeches, identifying the differences between oral and written style is an important key to a successful speech. Oral communication is characterized by a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention than written communication; therefore, it’s important to consider the following adaptations between oral and written style.
Personal Pronouns
• Oral Style: Heavily relies on personal pronouns, most commonly first person plural such as we, us, and our.
• Written Style: Infrequent use of personal pronouns, most commonly uses third person such as one, they, and he/she/they.
Grammar and Sentence Structure
• Oral Style: Shorter thought units that are easy to follow, whether simple sentences or fragments. Thoughts may begin with and, but, etc.
• Written Style: Complicated sentence structures that follow comprehensive grammatical rules.
Repetition
• Oral Style: Greater repetition of words and phrases to emphasize ideas.
• Written Style: Precise and varied language to repeat ideas.
Colloquialisms and Tone
• Oral Style: Conversational tone is set using colloquial words and contractions.
• Written Style: Formal tone and infrequent use of colloquialisms and contractions.
Vocabulary
• Oral Style: Familiar words based on audience understanding.
Note how Sinek, in the example above, uses everyday words in simple sentences. The thesis of his speech is stated equally simply: “People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it.”
• Written Style: Rich and precise vocabulary, regardless of audience.