incremental plagiarism
Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.
inflections
Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.
information cards
Records of facts and ideas obtained from an article or book used in research.
informative speech
A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.
informative value
A measure of how much new and important information or understanding a speech conveys to an audience.
initial credibility
The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.
inoculation effect
Preparing an audience for an opposing argument by answering it before listeners have been exposed to it.
integrity
The quality of being ethical, honest, and dependable.
interference
Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners.
internal preview
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
internal summary
Reminding listeners of major points already presented in a speech before proceeding to new ideas.
introduction
The first part of a speech, intended to gain the audience’s attention and to prepare them for the rest of the presentation.
invalid analogy
An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike.
inversion
Changing the normal order of words to make statements memorable and emphatic.
invisible Web
The multitude of Web databases and other resources that are not indexed by search engines.
J
jargon
The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.
K
key-word outline
An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.
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