evidence
Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.
example
A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
expanded conversational style
A presentational quality that, while more formal than everyday conversation, preserves its directness and spontaneity.
expert testimony
Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.
explanations
A combination of facts and statistics to clarify a topic or process mentioned in a speech.
extemporaneous speech
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
extemporaneous presentation
(extemporaneous speaking) A form of presentation in which a speech, although carefully prepared and practiced, is not written out or memorized.
extended example
A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
eye contact
Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person.
F
facts and statistics
Items of information that can be used to illustrate and prove points made by the speaker. When expressed numerically, such information appears in statistics.
factual example
An illustration based on something that actually happened or that really exists.
fair use
A provision of copyright law that permits students and teachers to use portions of copyrighted materials for educational purposes.
fallacy
An error in reasoning.
false cause
An error in causal reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second. This error is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning 'after this, therefore because of this.'
faulty analogy
A comparison drawn between things that are dissimilar in some important way.
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