Science and world
ISSN 2308-4804. Science and world. 2020. № 5 (81). Vol. II
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science and world no 5 81 may vol ii
ISSN 2308-4804. Science and world. 2020. № 5 (81). Vol. II.
22 types of activity. Attentive listening to the teacher, focusing on one’s thoughts, close observation of the experience is a genuine activity. Internal activity, concentration of the student’s thoughts may not have vivid external expressions. While not genuine, only external activity is very pronounced. Activity is associated with a conscious purposeful mani- festation of the student’s efforts and leads to the successful completion of any task that arises in the learning process. It is perfectly fair to draw attention to the need to combine the activity of thought with the activity of hands. Based on the research of T.I. Shamova, you can set the following levels of formation of cognitive activity [2]: Level 1 – reproducing activity; Level 2 – interpretative activity; Level 3 – creative activity. Adhering to the point of view of T.I. Shamova about the levels of formation of cognitive activity and the clas- sification she proposed to determine the most cognitive activity should be taken into account when selecting each level: firstly, the student’s attitude to learning, which is manifested in interest in the content of acquired knowledge and the process of activity, secondly, the desire to penetrate into the essence of phenomena, their interconnections, and also to master the methods of activity, thirdly, the student's mobilization of moral-volitional efforts to achieve the goals of the activity. This indicator should be evaluated by the sequence and perseverance that the student shows in the learning process. Based on these indicators, we give an interpretation of each level of cognitive activity: Having examined the concept of “cognitive activity”, its various interpretations, we can conclude that cogni- tive activity is a quality of activity, which over time, under favorable conditions, becomes a personality formation. Cog- nitive activity is formed in the process of cognition, being the most important quality of this activity. The manifestation of cognitive activity is accompanied by a special psychological state, the basis of which is a “research” reflex. This condition is characterized by emotional upsurge, mental stress, together with volitional effort. The formation of cognitive activity directly affects the child's school performance. The concept of “academic performance” is relative, it depends on the level of requirements for the education of a person who satisfies society, established in a given period of school development. A satisfactory level of education will always exist from the point of view of the natural differentiation of the educational capabilities of schoolchildren. It is only important that this level really meets the requirements of society, so that teachers do not stop their efforts in terms of each student achieving a higher level of education in accordance with the prospects for the development of his educational opportunities. In a more specific form, satisfactory performance is found when: firstly, the coefficient of satisfactory assimilation of knowledge (that is, the ratio of the number of satisfactorily assimilated basic concepts, laws, formulas, definitions studied during the quarter to the number that should have been assimilated) was equal to one; secondly, when the coefficient of satisfactory mastery of the basic practical and experimental abilities provided for in the programs was also equal to one; thirdly, when the student satisfactorily possessed the skills of rational organization of academic work (plan- ning, organization and self-control); fourthly, when he satisfactorily possessed the ability to single out the essentials in the material under study and showed independence of thinking. Basically, the third and fourth levels of performance are assessed in the form of the most characteristic, in our opinion, score for a five-point school. From the above it follows that the ways of formation and development of cogni- tive activity are quite complex. It is possible to develop cognitive activity through the content of educational material; methods and techniques of training and education; forms of organization of the educational process and the process of forming a child’s personality. Taking this thesis as a basis, we believe that in relation to pedagogical technology this means that when designing it, it is necessary to take into account certain conditions conducive to the influence of teach- ing influences. Thus, considering ways to improve the use of pedagogical technologies in the learning process, one of the cri- teria of which is the development of cognitive activity of students, it is necessary to take into account certain conditions favorable to the influence of educational influences. Download 1.75 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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