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Abstract 
 
Zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanopowders were synthesized by the sol–gel method prepared by mixing a methanol solution and Zinc 
acetate dehydrate and adding ammonia NH4OH to adjust pH value of solution between 9 and 11, the resulting Nanopowders 
ZnO form a substrate material for the fabrication of ZnO varistors. Microstructure of ZnO nanoparticles were carried out by x-ray 
diffraction (XRD) that showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average particle size 
was about 12-30 nm. The topographical information of surface were investigated by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) that 
showed a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles with average size of 22 nm which is in good agreement with XRD results, 
their size distribution was narrow (Fig.6). The I-V characteristics were obtained at a sintering temperature equal to 1,050 °C 
using MEGOHMMETER. 
Keywords:ZnO nanoparticles; Sol-gel method; Crystal structure; electrical properties. 
* Corresponding author. Tel.: [phone]; fax: [phone] . 
E-mail address:[e-mail] 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Oxides of nano particle size in nanometer range have been paid more attention for their unique properties [1-2]. 
They are widely used for solar energy conversion, non-linear optics, catalysis, varistors, gas sensors, etc [3-6]. 
Various techniques for the preparation of ZnO Nanopowders have been applied: sol–gel method, co-precipitation 
method, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal method, etc [7-10]. Among the different methods, the sol-gel 
approach appears to be one of the most promising methods to prepare ZnO nanoparticles. Some of the most 
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Euro-Mediterranean Institute for Sustainable Development (EUMISD). 

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Khalaf AL ABDULLAH et al. / Energy Procedia 119 (2017) 565–570
2 
Khalaf AL ABDULLAH, Sahar AWDE/ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 
important advantages of the sol–gel method are easiness of the synthesis, low temperature of The final 
decomposition and control on the chemical composition. These advantages make the sol-gel technique a very 
attractive preparation method. The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc oxide of low dimension and investigation 
of morphological and electrical properties. This method has novel features, which are of considerable interest due to 
its low cost, easy preparation and industrial viability. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by a modified sol gel technique 
is reported by Zinc acetate dehydrate Zn (CH
3
COO)
2
. 2H
2
O precursor and calcined at 500 Co. The structural and 
electrical properties of ZnO have been studied by XRD, AFM, and MEGOHMMETER-M1500P.