Seminars in modern english lexicology

Task 2: In what respects do the following synonyms differ?
1. policeman, bobby, cop
2. master, owner, head, proprietor, possessor
3. worker, labourer, toiler, hand
4. fabricate, construct, frame, invent, forge, manufacture, feign
5. mansion, house, habitation, residence, abode, hut, cottage .


Answers:
1. policeman, bobby, cop: These synonyms all refer to a law enforcement officer. The main difference lies in their usage and regional variations. "Policeman" is a generic term used to refer to a male officer in most English-speaking countries. "Bobby" is a colloquial term typically used in the United Kingdom to refer to a police officer. "Cop" is a slang term commonly used in the United States to refer to a police officer of either gender.


2. master, owner, head, proprietor, possessor: These synonyms all suggest someone who has control, possession, or authority over something or someone. However, they differ in their specific connotations. "Master" typically implies dominance or control over property or people. "Owner" indicates legal possession or control of property. "Head" can refer to the chief or leader of an organization or a person in charge of a particular department. "Proprietor" refers to someone who owns or manages a business or establishment. "Possessor" indicates someone who simply possesses or has ownership of something.


3. worker, labourer, toiler, hand: These synonyms all refer to someone engaged in labor or work. However, they emphasize different aspects or intensities of work. "Worker" is a general term that encompasses anyone involved in any type of work. "Labourer" specifically refers to a person engaged in physical or manual labor. "Toiler" refers to someone who works hard, often implying a sense of exertion or struggle. "Hand" is a colloquial term that can refer to a worker, especially in manual or skilled labor.


4. fabricate, construct, frame, invent, forge, manufacture, feign: These synonyms are related to the act of making or creating something, but they differ in their specific meanings.