Simple present tense

when
as soon as (Fut.Perf. ўрнига қўлланилади).
after, before
till, until
unless


We shall start as soon as the train has stopped.
I shan’t go to work until I have recovered.
He will not give you his book unless he has read it.


PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

been+P.I
have

has


1. since 2 o’clock соат 2 дан бери for 2 hours for
since yesterday for 3 months
since morning for a long time
since . . . all, long for . . . 2 соатдан бери
since when How long


каби сўзлар билан ўтган замонда аниқ бир пайтда бошланиб, ҳали давом этаётган иш-ҳаракатини ифодалайди.




I am reading now. Pr.Cont.
I have been reading fer 20 minutes. Pr.Perf.Cont.
It is raining now. Pr.Cont.
It has been raining since yesterday. Pr.Perf.Cont.
She is sleeping now. Pr.Cont.
She has been sleeping for 2 days. Pr.Perf.Cont.


2. Юқоридаги сўзлар бўлмаса ҳам Pr.Perf.Cont. гап мазмунига кўра қўлланилади.
He must be tired, he has been working all day long.
He has been writing the compasition all morning.
Jumrad is an experienced teacher, she has been teaching for 15 years.
3. to know, to be, to have, to rememeber, to like каби феъллар Pr.Perf.Cont. да қўлланилади, улар фақат Pr.Perf. да қўлланилади.
I have known him for 2 years.
He has been ill for a week.
We have a car for 3 years.


PAST PERFECT TENSE.
had+P.II
1. by 6 o’clock
by yesterday
by that moment