Simple present tense

by this time yesterday
by then
by the end of the year
by
каби сўзлар ўтган замонда ифодаланган бирор-бир иш-ҳаракатигача тўлланган иш-ҳаракатини ифодалайди.

Past Perf. Pr.Perf. Fut. Perf.
by now


We had built the house by the end of the month.
We had translated the article by yesterday evening.
2. Past.Perf. да ифодаланган иш-ҳаракатигача тугалланган иш-ҳаракатини ифодалайди.


Past Perf. by the time Past Ind. Past Perf.


By the time director came the secretary had typed the letter.
We had the floor by the time mother came.
The pupils had written the homework before the teacher came in.
When I came home the post had come.
3. never yet after barely as soon as
ever already when scanely rarely
just before hardly no sooner


He said that he had never been to Moscow.
I had already finished my work when you rang me up.
We had just had dinner when they came.
No sooner he had come then he fell ill.
As soon as I had paid for the goods somebody pushed me.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.


had been + P.I.
1.


Past Perf. Cont. Pr. Perf. Cont.


Past.Cont. Past now


Ўтган замонда аниқ бир пайтда бошланиб, ўтган замонда ифодаланган бошқа бир иш-ҳаракатигача, узоқ давом этиб тугалланган иш-ҳаракатини ифодалайди.
since 2 o’clock
since morning
since . . .
since when . . .?
for 2 hours
for a long time
all, long