Social and political processes in uzbekistan on the eve of independence. Plan: The acute and serious situation that arose in Uzbekistan at the end of the 80s of the 20th century

4. Introduction of the post of president in Uzbekistan.
As one of the major historical events, on March 23, 1990, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan considered the issue of the republican political system, and in it, the transition of Uzbekistan's power to the form of presidential administration is essentially a new stage in the sovereignty and statehood of the republic. it was noted that On March 24, 1990, at the 12th session of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR, the first political document within the USSR was adopted - the decision "On the establishment of the Presidential Administration in Uzbekistan" and Uzbekistan Islam Abdug'anievich Karimov, the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, was elected as the President of the Uzbek SSR. In this way, Uzbekistan was the first among the republics of the USSR to create a solid foundation for its national legal and democratic state. The initial measures taken at the initiative of I. A. Karimov in the interest of the people of Uzbekistan were evidence of the timely establishment of the presidential administration. Another important step in Uzbekistan's independence was the adoption of the "Declaration of Independence" on June 20, 1990. This law ensured the priority of the laws of Uzbekistan over the laws of the Union. In the declaration, based on the right of each nation to determine its own destiny, based on the rules of international law, universal values and principles of democracy, the state sovereignty of the Uzbek SSR was announced. On October 1, 1990, the Decree of the President of the Uzbek SSR "On the composition of the Council of the President of the Uzbek SSR" was published. Based on the decree, 14 members of the Presidential Council of the Uzbekistan SSR were appointed.
With the direct instructions of the President of Uzbekistan, qualified local personnel were appointed to the responsible positions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic. This is the legal basis of these activities. On October 31, 1990, the Law of the UzSSR "On Strengthening the Social and Legal Protection of Police Officers", signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on October 25, 1991, adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers "On the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan" decisions about" became important.
By August 31, 1991, the "Declaration of Independence" made it possible to ensure the existing administrative and legal activities of Uzbekistan, to conduct an independent policy in all spheres. By 1991, bold work on the preparation and adoption of completely new state symbols of the republic's state independence began in Uzbekistan. On February 15, 1991, the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan adopted a special decision “On the state symbols of Uzbekistan”.The struggle of the country for its sovereignty, first of all, in the content and essence of each law adopted in the republic, it is fundamentally different from the laws of the former Union, besides, each law began to be distinguished by the fact that it expressed the interest of the republic, rather than adapting it to the law of the Union, as before. In particular, on July 21, 1991, the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR on "Transfer of state enterprises, institutions and organizations subordinate to the Union located on the territory of the Uzbek SSR to the legal subordination of the Uzbek SSR" The President of the Uzbek SSR I.A. Karimov, the Oliy Kengashn of the Uzbek SSR, and the government of the Uzbek SSR have become proof that bold steps have been taken for the political and economic independence of Uzbekistan and its national sovereignty.
On August 18, 1991, a group of adventurers removed M. Gorbachev from the leadership and formed the State Emergency Committee in Moscow. This event went down in history under the name "GKCHP incident". The main goal of the leaders of the GKCHP was to preserve the increasingly weak red empire by intensifying pressure and persecution against the national republics striving for independence. For this purpose, they want to impose a state of emergency on the entire territory of the USSR, and cancel the laws and decisions of the national republics, which were made with the interests of their people in mind. The head of state was on a trip to India at that time, and the vice president of the Uzbek SSR and the second secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan, who took advantage of the absence of the head of the republic, made a statement about supporting the work of the State Committee for Emergency in the USSR on the territory of the Uzbek SSR. They give instructions. Upon hearing that the state of emergency has been declared, I.Karimov immediately returns to Tashkent and gives instructions to cancel the illegal decisions of the GKCHP in the territory of the Uzbek SSR. On August 20, 1991, a meeting was held with the participation of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR, the Cabinet of Ministers, the leaders of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent. I. Karimov, who spoke there, said that each of us should be tough and restrained, that we should get out of the trials, uncertain times and conditions, first of all, by gathering our intelligence and understanding together, without losing honesty and conscience, without getting confused. "must" is emphasized. On August 21, 1991, the President of Uzbekistan I.A. According to Karimov's Decree, the decisions and decrees of the State Emergency Committee, which contradict the Constitution and laws of Uzbekistan, were declared illegal.
According to the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan dated August 25, 1991, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Committee were legally taken over by the Republic of Uzbekistan. Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR located on the territory of the republic were directly subordinated to the President of Uzbekistan. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic, the State Security Committee, the Prosecutor's Office, the judiciary, internal troops, parts and troops of the Turkestan Military District were completely removed from the party.
In general, the great political events of the 80s of the 20th century dramatically changed the world development, which was based on confrontation, class conflict, mutual discrimination and violence, and held fast to the ineffective "socialist development" path. In one sixth of the world, the disintegration of the USSR, one of the largest and last empires, which rejected universal ideals and only used force and kept people dependent, took on a new political, social, and spiritual appearance in the world. . In place of the autocratic empire based on the style of colonialism, independent states emerged, which took universal values, humanitarianism and democracy as the main direction of development. The newly emerging CIS countries have entered a new stage of their political, economic, social, cultural and spiritual development. The fact that the Republic of Uzbekistan got rid of the complexity of dependence and gained state independence made great changes in the fate of our people. While talking about the independence of Uzbekistan, it is undoubtedly necessary to pay special attention to the role and importance of the "Declaration of Independence" of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted at the second session of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR. After all, this important document was one of the next important steps taken in Uzbekistan's independence. Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the republic were active in the adoption of this Declaration, which is of national importance. Taking into account the historical conditions and situation in Uzbekistan, more than 200 deputies strongly demanded that the adoption of the Declaration of Independence be included in the agenda at the beginning of the second session of the Supreme Soviet of the XII convocation (on June 18, 1990) and its adoption at this session without delay.
The members of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR, the chairmen and deputies of the commission thought about the "Declaration of Independence" and found it necessary to get the opinion of the deputies and then bring it to the session. On June 19, the text of the Declaration, prepared by more than 40 deputies, chairmen of standing commissions, and lawyers, was reviewed in detail. As a result, this issue was included in the agenda of the session on June 20. Also, in the first article, it was established that: "The independence of the democratic state of the Uzbek SSR is the sole authority of the republic in determining all constituent parts in its territory and in all external relations." The “Declaration of Independence” adopted by the session was greeted with great satisfaction by our people.
Since that day, the issues related to the economic and political life of Uzbekistan have been solved independently in the republic. On February 15, 1991, the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan adopted a special decision “On the state symbols of Uzbekistan”. It states, inter alia:
Pursuant to the “Declaration of Independence”, the Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR decides:
The commission for the preparation of the new draft of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Uzbek SSR, formed at the second session of the Oliy Kengash of the XII convocation, should be instructed to prepare proposals for the new State Flag, Coat of Arms and Anthem of the Uzbek SSR, as well as the preparation of Regulations on them. Let the commission work based on the opinions of the public and deputies of the republic. The proposals in this regard should be published in the press and a public discussion should be organized." Laws adopted by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Decrees of the President of Uzbekistan, government decisions are very important, and they are directly focused on the path of economic and political independent development of the republic.
On July 22, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR adopted a decision "On the transfer of state enterprises, institutions and organizations subordinate to the Union located in the territory of the Uzbek SSR to the legal subordination of the Uzbek SSR." among other things, it states that, following the "Declaration of Independence" of the Uzbek SSR, state enterprises, institutions and organizations subordinate to the union located in the territory of the republic in order to protect the interests of labor communities and ensure their economic independence in the conditions of the transition to a market economy "Uzbekistan will become a legal subject of the SSR," it was noted.
Also, in this decision, "the Cabinet of Ministers under the President of the Uzbek SSR was entrusted with the task of determining the procedure for the transfer of enterprises, institutions and organizations subordinate to the Union to the legal authority of the Uzbek SSR."
Thus, in the early 90s of the last century, the President of the Uzbek SSR I.A. Karimov, the Supreme Council and the Government of the Uzbek SSR took bold steps for the political and economic independence of Uzbekistan and its national sovereignty. These steps were met with satisfaction by the people.