Social and political processes in uzbekistan on the eve of independence. Plan: The acute and serious situation that arose in Uzbekistan at the end of the 80s of the 20th century

The second phase of reconstruction (1987-1990) put comprehensive reform of all sectors of society on the agenda. Such a task was further clarified by the communist ideology in January 1987. At the CPSU MK Plenum held in Moscow on 27-28 January 1987, the Secretary-General of the CPSU Central Committee, M.S.Gorbachev lectured "On Reconstruction and the Personnel Policy of the Party". In it, the main goal of political reform was the complete democratization of Soviet society on the basis of transparency and the correct conduct of personnel policy.
Later, M.S. Gorbachev paid special attention to these issues in his famous book on reconstruction. However, as a result of the reform and democratization of the political system and the participation of the masses in political and historical processes, political and economic reforms by Moscow will come to a dead end. As a result, 1990 was not only the second stage of reconstruction, but the reconstruction policy, which the people of the USSR, but also the whole world looked forward to, was completely defeated. This situation also accelerated the crisis of the USSR and led to its disintegration.
It was not possible to carry out fundamental democratic changes in the country, to complete the reforms that had started. This is explained by the following three reasons: First, there was no clear, consistent, scientifically carefully developed strategy and tactics of reconstruction, as well as a single program. Secondly, the leaders of the Communist Party (partocracy) were not interested in the victory of reconstruction. They knew perfectly well that any democracy and transparency was a harbinger of a totalitarian regime. Thirdly, it was impossible to implement reconstruction based on the idea of M.S. Gorbachev. Class relations inherent in socialism, state ownership, national and social politics, one-party leadership, communist ideology, and autocratic rule could never come out with democracy.
It can be said that the reconstruction started from the top. At the beginning of this process, members of the society gave him a lot of hope. The changes that are taking place, some political, social and economic reforms have rekindled in people the spirit of confidence in tomorrow and the bright future. In the initial period, the principles of reconstruction, that is, certain conciliation, benevolence were felt in the relationship of the upper with the lower. A certain agreement and goodwill was felt in the relations between the leaders of the reconstruction, that is, the upper and the lower.
But later the situation changed completely. The intensification of the economic crisis that began in 1986-1987, the failure to learn how to solve social problems, democratic processes, and the half-way of transparency - all this changed the attitude of society members to reconstruction. In the third year of reconstruction, its complete defeat was clearly visible. Instead of practical work and useful activities, various activities on the political front: political nonsense, empty promises, and the lack of cooperation with words have further strengthened the state of indifference in the society. Social activism has been replaced by lethargy, distrust of state and party politics, indifference and coldness.
The restructuring allowed for a certain increase in transparency, democracy and diversity of opinion. At the same time, it was not possible to carry out such processes in a cultural form based on international standards. On top of this, the leadership of the Republic in Uzbekistan in relation to the Union put various obstacles to the strengthening of democracy and transparency. This was mostly influenced by the monopoly of the communist ideology and the complications of the administrative-command system.
As a result, transparency in the literal sense could not be achieved, and democracy in practice took on the appearance of another political game. Various manifestations of the diversity of opinions occurred during the persecution of bigotry and democracy in political and ideological matters. In such a situation, the political leadership of Uzbekistan at that time showed its rudeness and disobedience to the Center. The leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan, instead of the policy of avoiding the Center and denying it, followed the path of getting closer to it and firmly uniting.
The first secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan, I. Usmonkhojaev and R. Nishonov, did not have the courage to clearly state the position of the republic within the Union. On the contrary, these leaders and their deputies were unable to cope with the tasks of the Center faster, confirm and repeat false thoughts that the Republic was not destined for the Union.
In the social and spiritual sphere, every manifestation of nationalism was tried to prove that internationalism is alien to its essence. This was clearly noticeable in the attitude towards the Uzbek language, the religion of Islam, national customs, traditions and religious rituals, in particular, the Navruz holiday.