Some investigating features of the English language in comparison with Uzbek and Karakalpak languages

to be going to' which usually precede the infinitive, e.g.:

• 
  Give me your suitcase, please. I will carry it for you.
  

Илтимос, менга чемоданингни бер. Мен уни олиб боришга ёрдамлашаман.
Илтимас, маған чемоданыңды бер. Мен оны алып барыуға жəрдемлесемен.

• 
  I'm going to visit my grandfather on Sunday.
  

Мен дам олиш куни бувимникига бормоқчиман
Мен дем алыс куни кемпир апамнан хабар алмакшыман.
Я собираюсь навестить свою бабушку в воскресение
Present Continuous denotes an action happening now, i.e. at the moment of speech. In English the predicate verb is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the form of Participle I of the notional verb which correspond to the Uzbek verb forms in the example of the verb 'bor'; to the Karakalpak verb forms in the example of the verb 'бар':

Uzbek	I person	Singular	–аяпман –мокдаман
		Plural	–аяпмиз –моқдамиз
Karakalpak	I person	Singular	–атырман

			–макшыман
		Plural	–атырмыз –макшымыз
Uzbek	II person	Singular	–аяпсан –моқдасан
		Plural	–аяпсиз –мокдасиз
Karakalpak	II person	Singular	–атырсан –макшысан
		Plural	–атырмыз –мактамыз
Uzbek	III person	Singular	–аяпти –моқда
		Plural	–аяпчилар –мокдалар –ишмокда
Karakalpak	III person	Singular	–атыр –макшы
		Plural	–атыр –макшы –макта

The Present Continuous expresses three ideas:

1. 
   an activity happening now, i.e. at the moment of speech.
   

It is raining.

Ёмғир ёғаяпди Жауын жауып атыр. Дождь идёт.
The child is crying. Болакай йиғлаяпди. Бала жылап атыр. Ребёнок плачет.

They are looking at you.

Улар сенга қараяпди. Олар саған карап атыр Они смотрят на тебя.

2. 
   an activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of speech.
   

I'm reading a very interesting book on astrology these days.

Ушбу кунлари мен жуда қизиқарли бир астрология тўғрисида китоб уқияпман.
Усы кунлери мен жудэ бир кызык астрология туралы китап окып атырман.
В настоящее время я читаю очень интересную книгу по астрологии.

3. 
   a planned future arrangement.
   

I'm leaving for London next week

Келаси хафтада мен Лондонга жўнаяпман Келеси хəптеде мен Лондонга кетип баратырман На следующей неделе я уезжаю в Лондон
Past Continuous of the English verb is formed by means of the combination of


was (were) ~PI

of the notional verb and denotes an action happening in progress at a definite time

in the past. Definite time may be expressed by means of time expressions or by a clause of time connected to the principle one with the; conjunctions while and when. In Uzbek, Karakalpak and Russian in the Past Continuous the verbs may take the suffixes. e.g.:
I was having a shower when you rang me up at seven o'clock. Менга қўнғирок қилганингда мен душда чўмилаётган едим Маган қоңырау қылғаныңда мен душта шомылып атыр едим Я принимала душ когда ты мне позвонила
Compare:

1. Past Continuous –

I was doing my homework at 7.00 last night. (I was in the middle of the action)
Уткан куни соат кечки 7-да мен уйга вазифамни ишлаётган едим. (Мен ис харакатнинг ўртасида едим)
Кеше кеште саат 7-де мен уй тапсырмамды ислеп атыр едим. (Мен ис хэрекеттиң ортасында едим)
Я выполняла домашнее задание в 7 часов вчера вечером.
(Я была в середине действия)

2. Past Simple –

I did my homework last night. (I started and finished)
Уй вазифамни мен кеча кечда ишладим
(Мен бошладим ва тугатдим)
Уй жумысты мен кеше кеште иследим.
(Мен басладым хəм аякладым)
Future Continuous is formed by means of the auxiliary


will (shall) be – PI

of the notional verb and expresses an action taking place in progress at a definite

time after the moment of speech.
I shall be waiting for you at the arrival hall at 10 o’clock (when your plane arrives at the airport).
Мен сени кутиш залида соат 10-да кутаётган буламан
(кочан сенинг самолётнинг аэропортга келганида)
Мен сени кутиу залында саат 10-да кутип атырған боламан
(кашан сенин самолетин аэропотр3а келгенинде)
As it is seen from this example English Future Continuous is expressed with the help of Uzbek suffix ‘-ётган’ and auxiliary verb ‘булмок’; Karakalpak suffix ‘-атырган’ and auxiliary verb ‘болыу’
Perfect aspect denotes an action that as happened before now. Present Perfect relates past actions and states to the present. In a sense Present Perfect is a Present Tense. It looks back from the present into the past and expresses a completed action up to the present moment:
I've travelled a lot in Africa.
Мен Африкани саёхат етиб чиқдим
Мен Африканы бойлап көп жерлерин саяхат етип шыктым
It can also express an action or state which began in the past and continues to the present time.
Present Perfect Continuous is used to express: an activity which continues to the present:
He has been studying English for two years.
У инглиз тилини мана икки йил давомида урганиб юрипди. Ол инглис тилин еки жылдан бери оқып жүр.

CONCLUSION

Now let us sum up the content of the investigation. Our research consists of three chapters. The tasks and objectives are given in introduction. The idea of our research is given in the main part – three chapters, as it mentioned above, where it is showed the novelty of the work, which contains the comparative analyses of the English language with the Uzbek and the Karakalpak languages. Different examples are given in the research which shows the comparative analyses of three languages.
It is common knowledge that interlanguage comparison is of theoretical and practical value. It is a valuable assistant in explaining the structures of the languages under comparison and arriving at their correct meaning. Besides, interlanguage comparison plays a definite role in founding general theory of language, in defining laws of elements of linguistic subsystems and in founding the translation theory.
The practical value of interlanguage comparison is as follows: It makes possible to solve methodic problems such as:

1. 
   diagnosing difficulties encountered while learning a foreign language;
   
2. 
   selection of language and speech materials;
   
3. 
   succession in presenting the material;
   
4. 
   selection of effective methods in presenting new materials;
   
5. 
   composing a system of rational exercises;
   
6. 
   creation of well substantiated textbooks for learning foreign languages.
   

Languages can be compared for theoretical, linguodidactic and other purposes. In our qualification work we try to compare English, Uzbek and Karakalpak languages at the levels of phonetics, phonology and grammar. We try to show some similarities and differences between the cited languages. When the mother tongue and a foreign language enter into contact interlanguage interference is the effect of the mother tongue which either leads to some deviation from the norm of the foreign language, or produces some obstacles such as dumbness or
stutter in speech. It is necessary to note in this context that dumbness or stutter is not always caused by interlanguage interference they may occur through ignorance of the material or as a result of other factors.
The contrastive description of Uzbek and Karakalpak with the English language contains phonetic, lexical and grammatical systems as a complex presentation of most interlanguage interferences and facilitations in the English speech of Uzbek and Karakalpak students. And we think that the results of our research in this qualification work can be of some useful sense for the students of foreign language faculties and English teachers who are taking refresher courses on foreign language teaching. The similarities in grammar, which took the most and the main part of comparison in the English language with the Uzbek and the Karakalpak languages are given in the research, which compared the tenses existing in the English language and make some understanding problems in Uzbek and Karakalpak auditorium of students.
In conclusion we summed up our research, and suggest using this material for the students in the lyceums and universities.