Some practice in translation

Adjectives derived from geographical names are usually replaced by nouns as such Russian adjectives evidently tend to express some permanent characteristic trait but not a temporary one, e.g.
Chilean copper – чилийская медная руда but
Chilean atrocities – зверства в Чили.
Degrees of comparison also sometimes cause replacements. Such Adjectives in the Comparative Degree as more, less, higher, lower, shorter, etc. are often translated by other Parts of Speech.
More letter bombs have been rendered harmless.
Было обезврежено еще несколько писем с бомбами.
His audience last night may also have been less than enthusiastic about the Prime Minister’s attitude towards Government spending.
Слушали, возможно, безо всякого восторга отнеслись к вчерашнему выступлению премьер-министра, в котором он высказал свое отношение к правительственным расходам.
Another linguistic phenomenon which frequently causes replacements in translation is the use of Nouns denoting inanimate things, abstract notions, natural phenomena and parts of the body as Subjects – Agents of the Action.
Election year opens on in America which is more divided and bitter than at any time in recent history.
В этом году будут происходить выборы в Америке, которая еще никогда не была такой разъединенной и озлобленной.
As a matter of fact the Subject in such constructions is purely formal. Actually it expresses Adverbial Relations of Time, Adverbial Relations of Place, Adverbial Relations of Cause, etc.
Parts of the sentence often change their Syntactical function in translation thus causing a complete reconstruction or partial reconstruction of the sentence by means of replacements.
The White House correspondents have largely been beaten into submission by the President.
Президент грубым нажимом заставил подчиниться большинство корреспондентов при Белом Доме.