Some practice in translation

Third type – Situational or Factual Equivalence
The content or sense of the utterance is conveyed by different grammatical units and lexical units.
Situational equivalence is observed when the same phenomenon is described in a different way because it is seen from a different angle, e.g.
The police cleared the streets.
Полиция разогнала демонстрацию.
Unemployed teenagers are often left without means of gaining food and shelter.
Безработные подростки часто оказываются без средств к существованию.
Hold the line.
Не кладите трубку.
The Commonwealth countries handle a quarter of the world’s trade.
На страны британского содружества приходится четвертая часть мировой торговли.
This type of equivalence also comprises the translation of clichés, orders, warnings and notices, phraseological units and set expressions, formulae of politeness, etc.
There were no survivors.
Все погибли.
Fragile – осторожно, стекло.
Wanted – Разыскивается!
Keep off, wet paint – не садиться, окрашено.
Many happy returns of the day – поздравляю с днем рождения.
In this way, the 3^rd type of equivalence conveys the sense, the meaning of the utterance without preserving its formal elements.
[For a detailed analysis of the levels of equivalence problems and the structural level patterns the reader is referred to the studies of the linguists В.Н.Комиссаров and В.Н.Крупнов. Слово о переводе // Cборник научных трудов, вып. 203, с. 183-199]
Levels of equivalence
Equivalence may occur at different linguistic levels:

• 
  phonetic level
  
• 
  word building level
  
• 
  morphological level
  

• 
  at word level
  
• 
  at phrase level
  
• 
  at sentence level
  
• 
  at text level