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A geographic information systems (GIS)
is a system
for the management and analysis of geographic
information and data, including natural resource maps,
urban planning maps,
satellite images, remote sensing
data, and thematic maps. The basic functions of GIS
and its benefits include
(i)
Geographic information management.
GIS
enables efficient management
of geographic
information and data by storing them in a
consistent coordinate system. Users can find
information and data over sectors and themes in
more intuitive ways than with a keyword search.
(ii)
Geographic data analysis.
GIS
can integrate
information and data over sectors and themes by
overlay function (e.g., combining a climate map
and a population density map). Another analysis
function is the ability
to measure geographic
features in order to determine road length,
distance between major cities, size of impact
areas, or the most efficient routing. This can
make assessment and planning more effective.
(iii)
Geographic visualization.
GIS helps people visualize data and information
in the form of maps,
which facilitate understanding among stakeholders. It also can provide interactive maps via the
Internet, such as Google Maps. Such Internet-based map systems will promote knowledge sharing
and public accountability.
Table 4 shows typical applications in each sector in ADB.
Table 4 Typical Applications of Geographic Information Systems
in Asian Development Bank Projects
Purpose
Applications
Information management
Urban information systems, project information systems, map/data/information
archives
and searches by location, interactive web-based GIS for knowledge sharing
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