Special education the republic of uzbekistan jizzakh branch of the national university of uzbekistan named adter mirzo ulugbek

Be … ing – for the continuous verb forms (e.g. is going);
Have … en – for the perfect verb forms (e.g. has gone);
Be … en – for the passive verb forms (e.g. is taken).
It is easy to see that the notion of morpheme applied to the analytical form of the word violates the principle of the identification of morpheme as an elementary meaningful segment: the analytical “framing” consists of two meaningful segments, i.e. of two different morphemes. On the other hand, the general notion “discontinuous constituent” (or unit) is quite rational and can be helpfully used in linguistic description in its proper place.

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF A WORD. CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES.

Many words (W) in a lang-ge are made up of smaller units, these are called morphemes(M). The M is the smallest unit having both form (sound) and substance (meaning).
(The notion of morpheme was introduced by Beaudouin de Courtenay as a generalized expression of the components of the word – the stem and the affixes.
Different linguists understand it differently. Some include in the notion of morpheme form-words, parts of speech, e.g. prepositions, and order of words.
The linguists of the Copenhagen school find several morphemes in one and the same element, e.g. in the word-form лесом the ending -ом contains three morphemes, expressing case, number and gender.
Morpheme is represented in the language by its variants: allomorphs, having special form, and sounding differently. E.g. Dreamed-[d], walked-[t], loaded-[id], sometimes allomorphs sound alike (одинаково). e.g. speaker, actor [ ].)
The Antrushina gave definition
The word is a speech unit used for the purposes of human communication material representing the group of found, processing the meaning, capable of a particular grammatical implement and characterized by formal and semantic unity.
The differences b/n a W and M:
- a W is autonomous unit of a lang-ge in which a particular meaning is associated with a particular sound complex and is able to form a sentence by itself.
- Like a W,a M is an association of a certain meaning with a certain sound pattern. But unlike a W, a M isn’t autonomous unit & can occur in speech only as a constituent part of a W,not independently.
- M-es can’t be divided into smaller meaningfull unit. That’s why the M may be defined as the smallest meaningfull lang-ge unit.