Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир

STYLISTIC USE OF SET EXPRESSIONS
Every language has a lot of word combinations, where the meaning of the whole dominates the meanings of the parts. Sometimes we say — the meaning of the whole doesn't correspond to the meaning of the parts. These word combinations arc called set expressions of phraseological word combinations, language idioms. One of their typical features is their stability. The components of idioms have fixed place in the utterance and semantic unity. Set expressions are the part of the language and they are used as ready-made units.
Among such ready-made units we must distinguish several types. The first is the cliché. It is an expression that has become trite, hackneyed and stereotyped due to the constant reiteration. But is it a fault that the phrase was in common use? Of course not. Clichés denote word combinations which have lost their freshness. Here are some examples: it goes without saying, so much, welt begun is half done, better late than never etc.
If one word inevitably invites another, if you read half of the sentence and know pretty certainly what the other half is, you have clichés. Some scientists think that everything that is predictable is a cliché. This opinion is wrong. The set expressions of a language are indispensable from its vocabulary and we cannot label them as clichés. In each case we must know the aim, the situation in which the phrase was used. Then we shall know whether it was a cliché or not. Writers skillfully use the stock of such expressions: "It's no use mincing matters, or making secrets, is it?" added Mrs. Lupin.
In most cases set expressions are based on the use of metaphors, metonymy, hyperbole, simile, periphrasis etc: as busy as a bee, as white as chalk, as like as two peas (simile), maiden speech, black frost (epithet and periphrasis) part and parcel, safe and sound (alliteration), fair and square, by hook or by crook (rhyme), to have one's head in the clouds, to pull one's leg (periphrasis), a lame duck, in a nutshell (metaphor). The second type of set expressions is proverbs and sayings. Proverbs are brief statements which show in a condensed form the accumulated life experience of the society. They are usually expressive and have generalized meaning. Many of them are based on the use of metre, rhyme, alliteration. E.g.: ass in a lion's skin; first come, first served; good as gold. Proverbs are always brief because of the omission of conjunctions. E.g.: better late than never, out of sight, out of mind,
In proverbs we distinguish direct meanings and transferred meanings: small change (trivial remarks, light conversation), a bag of bones (a lean person or animal). Proverbs may be handled not in their fixed form (traditional model) but with some modifications. E.g.: Marriages are made in Heaven — a fixed or traditional form; Divorces are made in Heaven — a modified form; / Look years younger — traditional form; Look weeks younger — a modified form; Ifwar breaks out — a traditional form; If peace breaks out — a modified form.
The efficient use of both the invariant and variant will make spoken and written language emotional, concrete, figurative, catering and lively. E.g.: Don't you throw rocks at my glass house (the proverb is: - one who lives in a glass house must not throw stones); You know which side the law's buttered (to know which side one's bread is buttered); cat was almost out of the bag when I grabbed it by its tail and pulled it back (the proverb is "Cat is out of the bag").