SW(Final8/31) Written by Allan B. Ho and Dmitry Feofanov
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623 ‘Setting Limits’, Danger of Music, p. 447. 624 For example, in the mid-1970s Volkov informed Taruskin of the anti-Stasovian views of the Soviet Musorgsky scholars Marina Rakhmanova and Semyon Shlifsteyn, as well as Anatoly Tsuker, none of whom are acknowledged in Musorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993 (hereafter Taruskin, Musorgsky). Volkov and Taruskin’s discussion of this topic is alluded to in Taruskin’s 1976 letter of recommendation and in Volkov’s 1995 letter to the Atlantic Monthly (cf. pp. 182–83 above). 186 in the ‘Shostakovich Wars’, where he has done little original research, if any, while relying on the work of Fay and others. Unfortunately, the great musicologist often does not fact-check that which he passes along and, consequently, questionable and inaccurate information also takes on his own authority and tends to be accepted as fact, without question. As will be demonstrated below, even Taruskin’s superior mind is not immune from what scientists call ‘garbage in, garbage out’. Three examples will suffice to document Taruskin’s fast and loose handling of facts. In ‘The Opera and the Dictator’, Taruskin writes: In the days following Dmitri Shostakovich’s burial in August 1975, a story went around Moscow of a bearded stranger [Volkov] who elbowed his way through the crowd of mourners at the bier until he stood right between the composer’s widow, Irina, and his daughter, Galina. He stood there for no more than the time it took a woman, who popped up just as mysteriously at the other side of the deceased, to snap a picture, whereupon the two of them disappeared. The picture may be seen facing page 183 in Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich as Related to and Edited by Solomon Volkov. [. . .] Later that year, together with his wife Marianna, a professional photographer, he joined the great wave of Soviet Jewish emigration that followed in the wake of détente. 625 As we noted in Shostakovich Reconsidered, the vicious spreading of this libelous and totally unsubstantiated gossip is truly unbecoming a self-described ‘proper scholar’. Equally unbecoming is Taruskin’s insinuation that Marianna Volkov, ‘a professional photographer’, was the ‘mysterious woman’ at the funeral. Had he simply checked his facts, he might have ascertained that the picture opposite page 183 actually was taken by a male TASS photographer, V. Mastyukov, 626 and only later obtained by Volkov. Furthermore, eyewitnesses (including Maxim and Galina Shostakovich, and Rodion Shchedrin) 627 and additional photographs taken at Shostakovich’s funeral verify that Volkov was in attendance far longer than ‘the time it took [. . .] to snap a picture’. A photograph of Solomon and Marianna Volkov following Shostakovich’s coffin while it was still at the Moscow Conservatory, where the memorial service took place (i.e., hours before the burial), is included in Sofiya Khentova’s book Shostakovich: Thirty Years (1945–1975); 628 this and three other photographs taken at the Novodevichy Cemetery, each with a different mourner in the foreground and Volkov in the background (thereby documenting his presence longer than the time it takes to snap one picture), are also reproduced in Shostakovich Reconsidered, pp. 308–9. 625 Taruskin, ‘Dictator’, p. 34. 626 Interview with ITAR-TASS personnel, Moscow, May 1996. 627 Conversations between Volkov and the authors, August 1995, and Galina Shostakovich and the authors, October 1995. Maxim Shostakovich, Rodion Shchedrin, and Aram Khachaturian all demonstratively embraced Volkov at the Novodevichy Cemetery, despite the fact that he was persona non grata as one who had applied to emigrate. 628 Sovetsky Kompozitor, Leningrad, 1982, after p. 288. Although this photograph is small and includes many people, Volkov’s image is unmistakable (three heads directly behind the left edge of the coffin). Others who were in this procession have confirmed Volkov’s position in this photograph. 187 Another example of Taruskin’s rumor mongering style is his statement that Solzhenitsyn ‘despised’ Shostakovich for adding his name to a letter of denunciation of Sakharov: When, in 1973, Shostakovich was approached with the demand that he sign a circular letter denouncing Sakharov, he again gave in with disastrous consequences for his reputation among his peers in the Soviet intelligentsia, including Mr. Solzhenitsyn, who despised him for it. 629 Again, where is the evidence to support this? Significantly, after this material first appeared in print in 2000, Vladimir Ashkenazy asked Solzhenitsyn personally about Taruskin’s claim. He reports that Solzhenitsyn was ‘indignant’ and provided the following statement for publication: ‘I never despised Shostakovich — on the contrary, I understand that he had to make compromises with the Soviet authorities in order to save his art. I admire many of his symphonies, in particular Nos. 5, 7, 8, and 9’. 630 It is shocking that Taruskin did not check his facts in 2000; it is shameful that he repeats this bogus claim, unaltered, in his On Russian Music, p. 326, published nine years later. That Taruskin continues to practice such lazy, shady scholarship is evident in his other recent publication, The Danger of Music. Although this text is only minimally about Shostakovich, Taruskin cannot resist still another ad hominem attack on Volkov. In a brand new ‘Postscript, 2008’ on page 23, he mentions the latter’s revelation of an anti-Semitic remark made by Shostakovich that Volkov says he saw in 1970 documented in one of Valerian Bogdanov-Berezovsky’s diaries: ‘Mitya came (according to the diary, he must have been sixteen years old), and for three hours they talked about the kike domination [zasil’ye zhidov] in the arts. Nowadays this seems unbelievable [. . .]’ 631 Volkov’s statement now has been corroborated by Lyudmila Kovnatskaya, whose article ‘Shostakovich i Bogdanov-Berezovsky (20-ye gody)’ (‘Shostakovich and Bogdanov- Berezovsky: the 1920s’), published nine years before Taruskin’s book, quotes several passages from these same diaries, including one from 1921 that notes: ‘Spoke with him [Shostakovich] about the domination of kikes, about monarchism’. 632 Instead of investigating whether such a document actually existed, Taruskin, as is his wont, chooses to question Volkov’s honesty, referring to him as the ‘author of Testimony, the faked memoirs of Shostakovich’ and claiming that ‘Volkov has been caught in so many lies that it may be hard to accept anything from him as true. Even here, it could be argued, he might have had an ulterior motive — proving that he was not a hagiographer, for example — that could have tempted him to fabricate such a story’. 633 For Taruskin, the accuracy of Volkov’s account is utterly beside the point. 634 629 Taruskin, ‘Casting a Great Composer as a Fictional Hero’, p. AR 43. 630 Ashkenazy, ‘Papa, What if they hang you for this?’, p. 8; emphasis added. 631 From the article cited by Taruskin, Galina Drubachevskaya’s, ‘Zdes’ chelovek sgorel’ (Here a Man Burned Up), Muzykal’naya Akademiya, 3, 1992, pp. 3–14, translated in Shostakovich Reconsidered, p. 337. 632 Kovnatskaya, D. D. Shostakovich, p. 35. 633 Danger of Music, p. 23. 634 Taruskin may wish to dismiss these examples as comments made for the popular press, just as Fay has tried to do to explain her New York Times ‘rotten luck/wrong folk’ article on From Jewish Folk Poetry (cf. 188 note 591 above). However, to be careless with facts anywhere raises questions about a scholar’s basic methodology, conclusions, and honesty in more scholarly publications. Clearly, there is a ‘good Taruskin’ and a ‘bad Taruskin’, the serious scholar and the character assassin. As John Adams has pointed out: Taruskin has two modes of writing, his formal musicological work and his ‘pop’ pieces for the New York Times. In the latter he has made a specialty of character assassination. This makes good copy. It’s sort of like watching those tacky ‘true crime’ shows on television: there must always be a body count at the end, whether the target is Prokofiev, Shostakovich scholars, or anyone else he decides to humiliate. The operative mode for reading his pieces is schadenfreude. Like any true passive-aggressive, he delights in besmirching not only a person’s artistic credibility but also in calling into question one’s whole moral character (Anna Picard, ‘John Adams: “It was a Rant, a Riff and an Ugly Personal Attack”’, Independent, 13 January 2002; quoted in The Danger of Music, pp. 179–80). Of course, the danger is that Taruskin’s public and academic personae often become confused when others quote them or when Taruskin’s more inflammatory prose is printed in book form and sits on the shelf beside his scholarly studies. In The Danger of Music, p. x, Taruskin comments on his dual roles: ‘Clearly one could be both — couldn’t one? Couldn’t I aspire to a public role without compromising — or worse, being compromised by — my academic status?’ Actually, the problem is the reverse. Carelessness and bias in his public writing raises serious and legitimate questions about his scholarship elsewhere. We are not alone in calling attention to Taruskin’s own errors. Robert Craft, in his autobiography An Improbable Life, Nashville, Vanderbilt Univ. Press, 2002, pp. 402–3, takes issue with Taruskin’s article on Igor Markevitch (reprinted in The Danger of Music, pp. 118–23): Described as ‘tall, gauntly handsome, icily cultivated’, and ‘for more than five decades a spook of the first magnitude in the music life of Europe’, he was actually of medium height, puny, with a pinched, expressionless face, and was never more than a marginal figure whose sole claim to fame was that at age sixteen he became Diaghilev’s catamite. In 1929 ‘Diaghilev romanced [him] with a whirlwind tour’, the article goes on, then ‘returned to Venice exhausted, and died twelve days later’. In truth Diaghilev, refusing insulin, had died of diabetes. Markevitch denied that he had had any sexual affair with him, but Stravinsky saw him enter Diaghilev’s sleeping compartment on the same Paris- to-London night train in July 1929. Had Taruskin checked youtube.com, he could have seen that Markevitch was just of average height, sans podium. Other errors are easy to find. In On Russian Music Taruskin gives an incorrect date (1923) for Prokofiev’s Second Violin Concerto, mixing it up with its predecessor. Also, in Musorgsky, p. 103, he places Berlioz in Russia for a birthday fête on 11 December 1868, whereas David Cairns, who discusses this trip in detail in his Berlioz, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 760–66, notes that the event actually took place the previous year. Charles Rosen also has written at length on the Taruskin’s methodology and views, noting still other errors, biases, misquotations, distortions, and the like (cf. ‘From the Troubadours to Frank Sinatra’, The New York Review of Books, 53/3–4, 23 February and 9 March 2006, a review of Taruskin’s Oxford History of Western Music; on the Internet at Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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