SW(Final8/31) Written by Allan B. Ho and Dmitry Feofanov
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- 3. ‘Irony’: Intended and Not
659 Richard Taruskin, review of the facsimile of Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7, Notes, 50/2, December 1993, p. 759. 199 ‘invasion theme’ has nothing to do with the attack. I was thinking of other enemies of humanity when I composed the theme. Naturally fascism is repugnant to me, but not only German fascism, any form of it is repugnant. Nowadays, people like to recall the prewar period as an idyllic time, saying that everything was fine until Hitler bothered us. Hitler is a criminal, that’s clear, but so is Stalin. I feel eternal pain for those who were killed by Hitler, but I feel no less pain for those killed on Stalin’s orders. I suffer for everyone who was tortured, shot, or starved to death. There were millions of them in our country before the war with Hitler began. The war brought much new sorrow and much new destruction, but I haven’t forgotten the terrible prewar years. That is what all of my symphonies, beginning with the Fourth, are about, including the Seventh and Eighth. Actually, I have nothing against calling the Seventh the Leningrad Symphony, but it’s not about Leningrad under siege, it’s about the Leningrad that Stalin destroyed and that Hitler merely finished off. 660 Contrary to Taruskin’s deliberately deceptive redaction, Testimony and MacDonald acknowledge that multiple factors inspired the work, including not only Stalin and Hitler, but the Psalms of David. In a similar type of sleight of hand, Taruskin claims that ‘revisionists’ such as Ian MacDonald seek to portray all of Shostakovich’s works as coded dissidence. 661 We call on him to prove that point. While writers like MacDonald have attempted to extrapolate dissident meanings onto some works not commented on by the composer, even he does not do so in the sweeping manner described by Taruskin. At the same time that he criticizes others of viewing things one-dimensionally, Taruskin himself maintains that ‘there were no dissidents in Stalin’s Russia’ and that Shostakovich cannot be considered a dissident because he was not executed and did not protest publicly. 662 Is there a more striking example of one-dimensional thinking, of the 660 Testimony, pp. 155–56; emphasis added; cf. The New Shostakovich, pp. 154–64. 661 In the Slavic Review, 52/2, 1993, p. 397, Taruskin dismisses The New Shostakovich as a counter-caricature of Shostakovich, asserted in the teeth of the old official view (itself a transparent political fabrication and long recognised as such) that cast the composer as an unwavering apostle of Soviet patriotism and established ideology. Instead, we are now bade to believe, he was an unremitting subversive who used his music as a means of Aesopian truth-telling in a society built on falsehood [. . .]. The new view is as simpleminded and unrealistically one-dimensional as the old. In ‘Who was Shostakovich?’, Atlantic Monthly, February 1995, one also finds statements such as the following: when I do find myself listening to it [the Eighth Quartet], I seem to be listening to it the way that Ian MacDonald and other determined paraphrasts evidently listen to every Shostakovich piece. MacDonald himself reveals the danger of such listening when he comes to evaluate the Ninth and Tenth Quartets, works to which the musical imagination — my musical imagination — responds with less coercion and more imaginative energy. Finding in them little beyond the same anti-Stalinist program he finds in every Shostakovich piece [. . .] (reprinted in Defining Russia Musically, p. 495). 662 Ibid., p. 535: 200 pot calling the kettle black? Most sources, including the Oxford English Dictionary, define ‘dissident’ much more broadly than Taruskin, to include a person who disgrees with or dissents from something. This allows for the shades of grey absent from Taruskin’s limited use of the term, and justifies considering Shostakovich’s numerous acts of courage, 663 even if behind the scenes or embedded in music 664 and done without loss of his own life or freedom, as those of a ‘dissident’. 665 3. ‘Irony’: Intended and Not We have previously commented on Taruskin’s claim that Shostakovich ‘was perhaps Soviet Russia’s most loyal musical son’ and his belated attempt to explain this, in the absence of any real evidence to back it up, as unperceived irony. Perhaps another example of Taruskin’s irony is the comparison of his own career with that of Gerald Abraham, whom he views as ‘a powerful inspiration, role model, and target of emulation’ in On Russian Music, p. 2, and to whom he dedicated his Musorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue. While they share some things in common, notably the same principal area of scholarship, wide-ranging interests, and voluminous writing for both academic and more general audiences, in terms of style and character two musicologists could not be further apart. Taruskin’s pitbull, leave-no-prisoners-behind style, overt bias, careless handling of facts, and the like are atypical of Abraham’s writings. In addition, while Abraham could disagree with another’s point of view, unlike Taruskin, he was himself rarely, if ever, disagreeable: 666 would Abraham threaten to drop his pants at a professional meeting, call other commentators ‘idiotic’, or challenge them to a ‘pissing contest’? Even in the ‘Shostakovich Wars’, they were on opposite sides. Abraham began if we claim to find defiant ridicule in the Fifth Symphony, we necessarily adjudge its composer, at this point in his career, to have been a ‘dissident’. That characterization, popular as it has become, and attractive as it will always be to many, has got to be rejected as a self-gratifying anachronism. There were no dissidents in Stalin’s Russia. There were old opponents, to be sure, but by late 1937 they were all dead or behind bars. There were the forlorn and malcontented, but they were silent. Public dissent or even principled criticism were simply unknown. 663 Shostakovich Reconsidered, pp. 219–33. In ‘My, Nizhepodpisavshiyesya’ (‘We, the Undersigned . . .’), Kovnatskaya, Shostakovich, p. 409, Viktor Lapin also recounts how the composer sent letters in 1945 and 1954 in support of Pavel Vulfius, who had been arrested and declared a spy. Vulfius later taught music history at the Leningrad Conservatory, where his students included Solomon Volkov and Dmitry Feofanov. 664 Cf. Allan Ho’s ‘Dissident Meanings in Shostakovich’s Works’, on the Internet at Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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