Task Read the following extracts from newspapers and mark by underlining or circling the cases of substitution, ellipsis and reference and give a one or two sentence analysis in the line below

They doubtless have a point, but if we never allowed change in the English language we should still be writing as Chaucer did.

You have just answered your own question. Yes, of course you still love him-but not in the romantic way you did at beginning of the relationship. But you both have created a bond during your time together, and that won’t just disappear.

The National Union of Teachers has sent guidelines to every school in England and Wales, suggesting ways of supporting pupils under stress. A number of education authorities have already issued their own advice…. Authorities that have issued advice to schools include Hertfordshire and Bradford. Others will leave the detailed implementation of any policy to the school.

Britain spends more than twice as much as France on prisons, and 2/3 as much again on private security officers. Clearly, different countries can do better in influencing the apparently inexorable climb in criminal behavior: we need to look more closely at how.

David Fitzpatrick, who works for a charity as a lecturer in computing, has shared the care of his daughter