Task Read the following extracts from newspapers and mark by underlining or circling the cases of substitution, ellipsis and reference and give a one or two sentence analysis in the line below

Kick-Ass starts with a big laugh and they don't stop coming for two hours. The script is sharp, there are clever comic book graphics, a cool soundtrack and a satisfying ending.
6. Walker died in 2008, a few months after Gordon Brown agreed to award surviving ATA pilots a badge of honour on the basis that late recognition of their work was better than none at all.

(The Times, 20 February 2010)

Seventy years ago, in the bitter winter of 1940, the phoney war was enlivened for a few RAF personnel by the sight of well-bred women climbing out of Tiger Moths after long flights from North London to Scotland.
They were often so cold that they could barely move or talk. They did not hang around in officers’ messes since they were not welcome there. Sometimes they would spend the night in a hotel. More often they would ask to be driven to the nearest station, where they would catch the next night train to London in time to do the whole thing again the next day.
7. Designing album covers is like one form of art paying homage to another. One is for the eyes and one is for the ears, but what is common to them is invariably what the music is about.

(The Independent, 31 March 2010)

In the streaming era, you need cover art for every single and album you release. Not only should that artwork LOOK good. It also has to meet the visual guidelines of the big streaming platforms if you want your music to stay available online.

8. The iPad is designed for media of all sorts, including games, video, pictures, electronic books and magazines. It can access roughly 150,000 already existing iPhone apps, as well as new ones freshly designed for the iPad.

The Independent, 4 April 2010 SAN FRANCISCO—January 27, 2010—Apple® today introduced iPad, a revolutionary device for browsing the web, reading and sending email, enjoying photos, watching videos, listening to music, playing games, reading e-books and much more. iPad’s responsive high-resolution Multi-Touch™ display lets users physically interact with applications and content. iPad is just 0.5 inches thick and weighs just 1.5 pounds— thinner and lighter than any laptop or netbook. iPad includes 12 new innovative apps designed especially for the iPad, and will run almost all of the over 140,000 apps in the App Store. iPad will be available in late March starting at the breakthrough price of just $499.

9. We don't have courtyards in France like they do in New York, where Hitchcock's film is set, but we have street buildings that are set very close to each other.

(The Guardian, 14 March 2010)