Technology of storage and primary processing of agricultural products

Mendel's second law is the law of divorce, and how can its cause be explained? The development of each trait is associated with a pair of allelic genes. The allele gene is located at a specific point on the homologous chromosome. One allele pairs of genes mother (egg cell), the second father (sperm) or reproductive cells (oocytes) dominant and recessive genetically possible if the parents of both sex cells (oocytes) dominant or recessive gene, the generation that will be the same characters in gomozigot :
AA or aa
A - dominant gene a - recessive gene
If one parent has a dominant gene in the gamete and the other a recessive gene, the offspring will be heterozygous for that gene: 
Aa
So the confusion of a yellow-grained homozygous plant with a green-grained homozygous plant described above can be written as: AA x aa

gametes
F ₁ Aa
The A-gene controls the yellow grain mark, the A-gene controls the green grain mark.
F ₁ plants are self-pollinated and then F ₂ plants are obtained. English geneticist Pennet to simplify gamete addition. cell must be used. At the top of the cell are the gametes of the mother, and on the side are the gametes of the father.
Aa x Aa
oocytes ,
Table 3

Ota	Mother gametes
Gametes	A	A
A	AA	Aa
A	Aa	Aa

F ₁ yellow-grained plants are heterozygous and produce two different plants in the F ₂ generation phenotype, i.e. in a 3: 1 ratio by external traits , but by genotype (sum of genotype genes) .1AA: 2Aa: 1aa - 1: 2: 1 ratio 3 forms a different plant . This means that 25% of plants are homozygous (AA) yellow grains, 50% heterozygous (Aa) yellow grains and 25% homozygous (aa) green grains.
Allele “A” and allele “a” genes are stored in pure form in subsequent generations . This phenomenon can be seen in the following example. 
Aa
A and a are formed equally.
F ₂ hybrids - Aa hybrids form pure gametes , not gametes. The alternative characters, each pair of alleles hybrid gametes stored in the confusion of the net with the oocyte is called the law of purity.
To solve a problem, you must first determine its terms and write it in an appropriate form. For example, it should be solved in the form of genetic formulas and chromosome schemes . In doing so, the teacher should pay attention to the fact that students can write genetic symbols correctly.
In genetics, the sign of confusion is represented by X. When writing a configuration scheme, the first name is the mother, the second is the conditional name of the father's organism. Females are represented by the sign ♀ (Virgo of Venus), males by the sign ♂ (shield and spear of Mars). Parental organisms obtained for confusion are represented by R (Latin Parentis - the first letter of the word parent).
A joint obtained by mixing two organisms with different genetics is called a hybrid . Hybrid joints are denoted by F (Latin - the first letter of the word children). Under the letter F can be written number (index) hybrids, the age of the package level ; for example, F ₁ is the first, F ₂ is the second, and so on.