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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Settlement (Principle 8–10)
29. Securities settlements are final as soon as the settlement account has been debited or
credited. The settlement occurs in real time during the settlement day in respect of OTC bond
trades and at a designated time in respect of exchange trades. The SEA, ToR.Thor 32/2559, and TSD
regulations ensure the finality of settlement against any insolvency proceedings following the
settlement.
30. The TSD conducts its money settlements for the OTC bonds market in central bank
money. Investors are provided with physical securities on demand and after a due process.
Securities can, however, be cleared and settled only through book-entry transfer with the physical
securities having to be dematerialised.
Central Securities Depositories and Exchange-of-Value Settlement Systems
(Principle 11, 12)
31. Custody risk is mitigated by several factors. These include: sound accounting processes,
end-of-day
reconciliation of balances, a comprehensive system of procedures for creation and
deletion of securities in the CSD, prohibiting overdrafts and debit balances in
securities accounts,
internal audit examination, and an overall SET group insurance also covering custody risk. The TSD
eliminates principal risk by applying the DVP 1 model arrangement for the settlement of the OTC
bond market trades and by ensuring conditional final settlement of one obligation
upon the final
settlement of the other.
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