B. Banks and Specialized Financial Institutions
Commercial Bank Supervision
20. The oversight of the banking sector is strong (Annex I). The enactment of the FIBA in
2008 established the BoT as sole supervisor of commercial banks, empowered it to issue regulations
and undertake corrective action without MoF approval, and strengthened the tools for
implementing preventive and corrective actions. The FIBA also enhanced the BoT’s consolidated
supervision and enforcement authority of conglomerates (typically structured with a bank as parent).
The BoT's supervisory framework and practices provide the foundation for the continued
development of risk-based supervision.
21. Notwithstanding the improvements, the efficiency of enforcement action and the
operational independence of the BoT could be further enhanced. The corrective action
requirements under FIBA and the BoT internal guideline requirements on prompt preventive action
(PPA) and prompt corrective action (PCA) should be aligned to emphasize the flexibility that FIBA
grants the BoT for implementing PCA and PPA. The criteria for notifying the MoF of corrective action
taken should be narrowed to situations of systemic impact or bank failure. While there is no
objective evidence of lack of independence, the negative net worth of the BoT could make it
vulnerable to political interference. Moreover, the independence of the BoT could be usefully
Figure 16. Thailand: Effectiveness of Macroprudential Policy Tools
The DTI limits appear to have been effective in slowing loan creating for the most risky category of loans.
NPL ratios on credit cards reached the highest in 2016,
and declined after the introduction of the new credit limit.
NPL ratios for (unsecured) personal loans provided by
banks have also declined.
Sources: The BoT and IMF staff calculations.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
<= 1
5K
15 -
20K
20 -
25K
25 -
30K
30 -
50K
> 50K
O
th
er
s
<= 1
5K
15 -
20K
20 -
25K
25 -
30K
30 -
50K
> 50K
O
th
er
s
2016
2018
2016 (NPL ratio, right scale)
2018 (NPL ratio, right scale)
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