The art of directing

THE ART OF DIRECTING
THE ART OF DIRECTING , directing is the art of creating a spectacle with a harmonious whole and a certain integrity (in theater, cinema, telefilm, circus and pop). Reg. directs creative staff - actors, soloists, painters, composers (including cinematographers in film and television) and assistants during the creation of a stage play or film . The art of directing in the drama theater begins with the selection of a plot , its idea, genre and artistic features, the period depicted, and the study of the author's positive style. Reg. looks for stage tools for the interpretation of the play , chooses actors that match the character of each character and the performance in general, determines the stage rhythm and pace, creates mise-en-scenes, develops the principles of artistic decoration of the work in cooperation with the artist and composer . The whole and deep truth in a realistic performance is created on the basis of "three realities" (vital, social and stage) that are connected with each other (V. I. Nemirovich Danchenko). If the director if one of them is ignored, the others will not come out convincingly. In the art of directing, working with an actor has an important place. Before the art of directing emerged as an independent type of stage creation, the role of stage designer was performed by the author and leading actors.
Author, actor and director along with a traveling professional theater in Europe during the Renaissance. The leader of the troupe , who passed his duties, also appeared. 16-17 a. U. to the development of the art of directing. Shakespeare, J. Moller, Lope de Vega, contributed an important story . During the period of bourgeois enlightenment, the theory of directing art began to be created (G. Lessing, D. Diderot ). G. Lessing's follower F. L. Schroeder For the first time in the Hamburg theater, the actor introduced not only his role, but also the full study of the role. F. these principles. Talma ( France ) continued and made a turn from classicism to romantic theater in the art of directing.
In the emergence of the art of directing in the 19th century. the directors of the Meiningen theater (L. Korneck and others) played an important role . Careful consideration of the author's text, accurate reflection of the historical context, and achievement of the harmony of public scenes are the positive aspects of Meiningen's direction.
20-a. boshlari Garbiy Europe R. s. and the formalist okimlar hukmron buldi (E. Craig—England, M. Reinhardt—Germany, A. Appia—Switzerland and b.). 20-a. yes Garbiy Europe Director sanati rus directing (K. S. Stanislavsky, V. I. Nemirovich Danchenko, E. B. Vakhtangov, V. E. Meyerhold, A. Ya. Tairovlar) Tasirida rivozhlandi.
The elements of directing art appeared in the traditional Uzbek theater. He was called a corporal . 1914 A qualified director who works on the basis of written drama in the European-style Uzbek theater and prepares his plays for indoor stage performance. s will begin to ripen. The process of formation of directing art A. Avloni, Hamza, M. It is related to the activity of Majidov ( Uighur ). The first stage works were interpreted in the spirit of enlightenment and propaganda . Naturalistic lighting of reality with life tools (like building houses on the stage, steaming food, using fruit, using objects), exaggerating characters' characters, showing positive characters in the foreground are typical features of the art of directing in this period. In the Uzbek drama studio opened in Moscow, M. Uighur, Ya. Bobojonov M. Along with their acting skills, the Muhamedovs also mastered the basics of directing. They looked with great interest at all the trends prevailing in the Russian theater at that time . Especially to them E. Vakhtangov and V. E. Meyerhold dir. style had a strong influence. Mannon Uighur chief best director. Uzbek dir. founded the school . Sh. Kayumov, A. Turdiev, J. Obidov, 3. Madaliev, V. Famous actors such as Fayozov, H. Mustafakulov also contributed to the development of the art of directing. In the composition and development of the opera theater, director. from M. Muhamedov b-n E. I. Yungvald Khilkiewicz's service is great. Now. N. in the development of Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater, Muqimi Theater . V Ladigin, A. O. Ginzburg, I. V. Radun, especially the Art of Directing Hamroev and T. The Khojaevs took their place and spent a lot of effort to raise the genres of drama and musical drama to a professional level.
60's from the end of dir. E. Masofoev founded the "Yosh Gvardiya" theater (now Abror Hidoyatov Theater) with a group of actors and decided to create a poetic theater .
70's At the beginning of the 19th century, the theater stage culture rose to the European level and occupied an important place in the spiritual life of the population . During this period, from B. Yoldoshev, M. Ravshanov, M. Niyozmatov, R. Hamidov, K. Yoldoshev, B. Ikhtiyorov and b. started working. They begin to perform complex stylistic tasks based on the staging of works of various genres, they use various means to reveal the truth of life , the inner world of man, and achieve artistic unity.
70's the end of the 80s. At the beginning of the 1990s, the art of directing manages to renew the Uzbek theater from the inside, old themes and theater performances begin to sound anew. Especially the 80s. studio activity will increase and the artistic potential of the theater will increase. Young director. lar M. Weil, N. Abdurakhmanov, A. Abdunazarov, O. Salimov's research was noteworthy. After the independence of Uzbekistan, radical changes took place in theater art. Enlightening the history with the means of the stage has increased attention to embodying the personalities of our great ancestors - scholars, poets and statesmen . National tools are widely used in the reflection of modern topics. The staging of ballet works is done by ballet masters, dir. will help them. Among the ballet masters I. Yusupov's work is noteworthy.
relies on the characteristics of musical theater in opera (as well as musical drama and operetta ) . Here, as the basis of the performance is music , the director. works in cooperation with the conductor and choirmaster . Stage interpretation of the composer's score is the main feature of musical theater direction.
Puppet directing stands out in the art of directing. Republic puppet theater (founded in Tashkent, 1939), then Andijan, Samarkand, Bukhara, Jizzakh, Karshi, Khiva, Termiz . dozens of directors in the puppet theaters established in They contribute to maintaining the level of this art, increasing its prestige not only among children, but also among adults. In the development of puppet theater directing I. Yakubov, M. Ashurova, SV. Iogelson, Sh. The services of directors like Yusupov are special. In radio and television, a unique art of directing has emerged. Field performances during the years of independence directed by. league was formed. B. who works in this field. Yoldoshev, R. Hamidov, N. Otaboev and others. they gained a lot of experience in putting on shows in large arenas and amphitheatres .
The art of directing in cinema was developing in connection with the formation of national cinema. In the early years of Uzbek silent cinema , the director did not know the specific aspects of local life and did not set himself a serious artistic task. made films.
30th At the beginning of the 1990s, in connection with the introduction of national artists (N. G'aniev, S. Khojaev, Y. Azamov ) into the direction of the National Art Institute, the deep study of various aspects of the people's life, creative processing, and methodological research began. Films such as "Rising", "Amazing work", "Ramadan", "Before dawn", "Young man", "Sword" were devoted to the daily work of workers, military work, peasant movement, and the history of the country . Reg. started using local actors (O. Jalilov, E. Hamroev, M. Kayumov, S. Iskanderov, etc.) .
The period of rise of real national cinematography was in the 40s and 50s. has been Those years. Protazanov, A. Usoltsev — Garf, N. G'aniev, K.. Yormatov, Z. Sobitov, Y. Directed by Azamov. became known for such mature films as "Tahir and Zuhra", "The Adventures of Nasriddin", "Alisher Navoi", "Pakhtaoy", "Boy and the servant", "Let's meet in the stadium", "The collapse of the Emirates". During this period, the reputation of Uzbek filmmakers spread beyond the republic. 60's A qualitatively new era began in the national film direction , new young specialists (D. Salimov, R. Botirov, Yu. Stepchuk, A. Qabulov, Q. Kamalova , etc.) joined " Uzbekfilm" . " You You're not an orphan ", "The stork came, it's summer", "Yoryor", "Surayyo", "Tashkent - bread city" films were created during this period. New from the directorship - a modern theme, the theme of youth took a wide place ("Elegance", "Lovers", "Boy and Girl", "Mahallada duvduv ran"), etc. Also, the new researches of directors of the older generation are visible (such as "Maftuningman", "Furqat", "Fidoiy", "Natashakhanim").
Reg. The professional promotion of artists opened a wide way to creativity in various topics and genres . " Abu Ali ibn Sino", "The Youth of a Genius" (dir. E. Eshmuhammedov), " General Rahimov" (3. Sobitov ), " The Star of Ulugbek " (L. Fayziev ), "The Saga of Two Hearts" (K. Yormatov ), "The Past Days » (Y. Azamov) brought great fame to Uzbek cinema . For the direction of films such as "Abu Rayhan Beruni", "Achchik danak", "We are waiting for you, young man", he was highly appreciated and awarded with prizes at conferences such as the film festival .
Now. Together with the complex processes in the dramaturgy of Uzbek cinema, genres of different content and form are being sought, the nature of directing is changing, new names are being discovered (directors from acting, etc.). J. Fayziev, I. Ergashev, Yu. Sobitov, F. Haydarov is one of them. Comedy from one of the leading genres in modern Uzbek cinema ("Who are you?", "Field of Miracles", "Thanks to the Creator", "Bomb", "Comrade Boykenjaev", "Meshpolvon", etc.) is becoming prolific. "Fields left by my father" (Sh. Abbasov ), "Love" (I. Ergashev ), "Preacher" (Yu. Rozikrv; festival received the main prize), "Pedestrian" (R. Malikov) and others. are examples of films made in recent years. Muhsin Kadyrov, Jora Teshaboev .