The Development of English Language Teaching Methods

THE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL
EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
ENGLISH FACULTY I

COURSE WORK
Theme: language education in Europe
Scientific supervisor:
Done by:


Samarqand-2023
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION …………………….……………………………………….…3
CHAPTER I. TEACHING LANGUAGES AT SCHOOLS IN EUROPE
1.1. The peculiarities of teaching foreign language in Europe …....……….…….7
1.2. Foreign language provision pre-primary, primary, secondary and higher education………………..............................................…...................................….12
CHAPTER II. LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
2.1. The establishment of the CEFR ...............................………….……….......18
2.2. Language education in the EU and the US: Paradoxes and parallels………...22
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................28
REFERENCES…..................................................................................................31
INTRODUCTION
“Teaching foreign language in Uzbekistan has become very important since the first day of the Independence of our country, which pays much attention to rising of education level of people, their intellectual growth. The teaching of English as a foreign language is now one of the most important subjects in most countries. And also, in our country teaching English as a foreign language is considered one of the most important subjects. Especially after the Decree of our first President Islam Karimov "On measures for further improvement of foreign languages learning" as of December 10, 2012 is a key factor for modernization of teaching foreign languages at all stages, in which the importance of teaching and learning English across the country were pointed out. So, a foreign language becomes one of the important educational subjects, at all educational institutions.
The imprоvements in the educatiоnal sectоr in the Republic оf Uzbekistan are visible. The emphasis is given tо suppоrt by the gоvernment оn the perfectiоn оf fоreign language learning system[5,86], ways оf teaching fоreign languages tо the learners оf academic lyceums and vоcatiоnal cоllege in the cоuntry. Apparently the president Shavkat Mirziyoyev chaired a meeting on the issues of redical improvment of preschool and more than education systems on october 19. Constand attantion in our country is paid to issues of strengthening to gene pool of the nation training the yung generation as highly qualified personnel. At the meeting held on August 16,2017 a number of areas of development of the education system were identified. In particular importantnt tasks were defined on redical structural reform of the system of education, wide coverage of children by these intonations. Besides that Teaching and learning situation occurs when students and teachers with common interests come together for the purpose of developing an authentic product or a service that is anapplication of their common interest. Teachers are a rich resource for students when they examine their own interests in ways that reach far beyond their content expertise and general classroom experience” [1.26].
Since the earliest times in imploring conventional or traditional methods were used for attaining ELT efficiency and capability. In the modern world of trade and commerce, information technology and complex lingual societies provided us a thought to rejuvenate language proficiency, its clear that our learners have to face the challenge of global world language issues therefore importance of modern methods of teaching ESL are highly realized. And new methods in ELT developed from time to time. Apart from it there has been a close study in the ELT discipline which provides us comparison and measures for a prompt autonomy due to this we focus on similarities and differences in ELT discipline within the class room and societies. Moreover, in this research paper real explained implications of a dominant ELT method used in the country and its context along with the comparison to any other method used at some private sector institution. This research paper also declares the most prominent ELT method of teaching, which is nationally being used preferably at all public and Private Sector College, and universities in Uzbekistan.
“There are many publications discussing the various language teaching methods employed over the years. We have drawn here, inter alia, upon chapter two of H. Douglas Brown’s Teaching by principles. An Interactive approach to language pedagogy draws a distinction between methods as specific, identifiable clusters of theoretically compatible classroom techniques, and methodology as pedagogical practices in general. Whatever considerations are involved in how to use, thus it might be equated to what approaches are typically informed by both a theory of language and a theory of language learning. For example, audio-linguicism was informed by a structural model of language and by behaviorist learning theory. The twentieth century saw new methods emerging with regularity in what saw as a cyclical pattern of changing winds and shifting sands. With each new method breaking from what preceded, while incorporating some of the positive aspects of its predecessors” [2,34]. This mortality of language learning methods, to use phrase can usually be attributed to the neglect or lack of one particular component.
Brown summarizes:
A glance through the past century or so of language teaching will give an interesting picture of how varied the interpretations have been of the best way to teach a foreign language. As disciplinary schools of thought – psychology, linguistics, and education, for example – have come and gone, so have language-teaching methods waxed and waned in popularity. Teaching methods, as approaches in action, are of course the practical application of theoretical findings and positions. In a field such as ours that is relatively young, it should come as no surprise to discover a wide variety of these applications over the last hundred years, some in total philosophical opposition to others [2:43].
Besides above mentioned, reviews, we can also focus development of language teaching methods in Uzbekistan scenario. It has been conducted a research study on “a comparative study of the effectiveness of the inquiry and traditional methods for teaching biological sciences in laboratory at the High School Level. Sample of 400 students was further divided into 8 groups, 4 experimental and 4 controls. The findings of the study reveal that the inquiry approach is more effective as compared to traditional methods.
In his research study titled, the influence of teaching methods on student achievement on Virginia end of course standards of learning test for algebra suggested that algebra teachers should emphasize direct instruction, technology aided instruction, and problem-based learning. These three teaching methods categories ranked highest in both analyses. It has been conducted research study tittle, effective teaching methods for large classes” has concluded that the lecture/discussion teaching method was the most preferred among students. Student comments as to their reason for selecting this as the most valuable method seem to suggest that they have a desire to be somewhat active learners, engaging in discussion rather than passively listening to a lecture. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that faculty teaching large classes should attempt to include constructive active teaching methods in their courses whenever possible. Results indicate that most students prefer to be active in their learning process. The active and collaborative teaching methods examined in this study are not only desirable to many students, but they also appear to produce significant improvement in terms of learning outcomes.