The national anthem of the republic of uzbekistan
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agriculture for the 3rd year
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New words:
animal husbandry= livestock- chorvachilik refer to- …ga taalluqli, tegishli commodity- iste’mol mahsuloti poultry- parrandachilik subsistence- istiqomat qilish, bor bo’lish hunter-gather lifestyles- ovlab- terib ovqat topish tarzi nebulous- noaniq breed- qabila, tur captive wild animals- qo’lga tushgan yovvoyi hayvonlar disputed- baxsli, munozarali domestication- honakilashtirish Word-formation–prefix: ex-, sub-, super-
GRAMMAR NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB NON-FINITE VERBS These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not indicate any tense, mood or gender. They are used as nouns, adverbs and adjectives. They are also used to form non-finite clauses which are simply dependent clauses that use non-finite verbs. He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is used as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called Gerunds. I need to go to sleep. - Here the non- finite verb phrase is to sleep, it is acting as a noun. Non-finite verbs that use ‘to’ before them are called Infinitives. The sleeping dog caused a delay. - The nonfinite verbs that have ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ as suffixes and cause the verb to come an adjective are called Participles. Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the gerund form of the verbs given below.
I can’t stand (a) _________ in a long queue. I live a (b) _________ life. I like (c) _________ in the sea. My friend likes (d) _________ the mountains. I hate (e) _________ late for any task. I like (f) _________ hard. Exercise 2. Replace the underlined words as directed. He loves to dance and to sing. (gerund) It is no good to get upset. (gerund) The teacher told him that he should study hard. She further advised him that he should revise all the work done. (suitable infinite construction) Jim has decided that he is going to buy a car this summer. (suitable infinite construction) Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with the infinitive form of the verb given in the brackets. Do you want _________ (come) to the shop with me? You don’t need _________ (leave) yet—it’s not late. Don’t forget _________ (take) your umbrella with you. My parents are planning _________ (go) abroad. They are planning _________ (bring) me an ipod. How long do you expect _________ (stay) in Chandigarh? _________ (learn) English quickly is not an easy thing. She promised _________ (give) it as soon as possible. He’s looking forward _________ (meet) all his friends again. Nita’s apprehensive of _________ (hurt) her. Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with an ‘-ing’ form or a ‘to-infinitive’ form of the verb in the box.
I prefer _________ by train. Would you like _________ a shower now? I’d hate _________any of the fun. The taxi-driver refused _________ my luggage up the stairs. Sam offered _________ us to the station. Mum likes _________ to the radio while she irons the clothes. LESSON 10 LIVESTOCK IN UZBEKISTAN. Eighty-five percent of cattle are concentrated in dehkan farms, 3.3 percent in shirkat farms and 11.7 percent in agricultural cooperatives. Most Karakul sheep, 57.3 percent or 2,279,500 head, are in cooperatives; 40.1 percent (1,617,300 head) are in dehkan farms, and the rest, 2.6 percent (82,300) are on farms. Livestock production in Uzbekistan is distinguished by its richness and variety. Each animal type is characteristically distributed in its own agro-ecological zone. For example milk cattle are mainly found in irrigated croplands near industrial centres; beef cattle in mountain zone pasture areas; Karakul sheep production systems are mainly in deserts; meat-wool and ram production systems and horse breeding are concentrated in pre and mountain zones of the Fergana valley, while pig and poultry production industries are near large cities and industrial centres. The livestock sector plays an important role in food security policy of Uzbekistan. This sector contributes significantly to the well-being of economically vulnerable population in rural areas, especially during the transition period. Lack of required system for fodder production, limited access to genetic materials of cattle’s breed with high productivity, and low efficiency of veterinary services are the main challenges in the livestock sector today. New words and word combinations: Croplands- lalmi yerlar Pasture- yaylov ram production- qo’ychilik contribute- hissa qo’shmoq significantly- katta, ahamiyatli vulnerable- zaif, nozik, himoyasiz rural areas- qishloq hududlar transition period- o’tish davri fodder production- ozuqa ishlab chiqarish Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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