The Present simple tense

Ko’chirma va o’zlashtirma gap ( Direct and indirect speech)
Ko’chirma gap deb, so’zlovchining gapini aynan o’zlashtirishsiz keltiriladigan gapga aytiladi, odatda ko’chirma gap qo’shtirnoq ichida” “ yoziladi, o’zlashtirma gapga o’tganda qo’shtirnoq tushib qoladi:
he says: “ I will come tomorrow” . - U deydi: “ men ertaga kelaman”. (ko’chirma gap)
he says that he will come tomorrow. – U ertaga kelishini aytadi. (o’zlashtirma gap)
he said - bu bosh gap
“I will come tomorrow” – bu esa ergash gap hisoblanadi

Agar ko’chirma gapning ergash qismidagi gap darak yoki inkor bo’lsa uni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirishda quyidagilarga amal qilamiz.

1. That dan foydalanamiz.
2. Egani (olmoshni) o’zgartiramiz.
3. Agar ko’chirma gapning bosh gapi o’tgan zamonda yani “said” “told” bo’lsa to be qismidagi gapning zamoni bitta o’tganiga o’tkaziladi.
4. Boshqa olmoshlar va payt ravishlari jadvalga muvofiq o’zgartiriladi.
“I am learning English now” – said Tom (ko’chirma gap)
Tom said that he was learning then (O’zlashtirma gap.)
“ We didn’t come here yesterday” – said boys. (ko’chirma gap)
Boys said that they hadn’t come there the day before. (O’zlashtirma gap.)


Eslatma. Agar

Ko’chirma gapda

O’zlashtirma gapda

Simple present-oddiy zamon He said:” I come today” Present perfect, past simple She was telling about it:” I have gone here recently” She said:” you went to the UK yesterday” Future simple-felasi oddiy zamon They told:” we shall go to the USA tomorrow” Present continuous-hozirgi davomli zamon We said:” they are playing now” Present perfect continuous, past continuous You said:” he has beeen driving car since morning” You said:” he was driving car yesterday” Future continuous-kelasi davomli zamon They were telling:” we shall be doing tasks at 2 tomorrow” Future perfect-kelasi tugallangan zamon I said:” they will have been here by this time” Future perfect continuous-kelasi tugallangan davomli zamon she said:” we shall have been working here by 2012 for 10 years

Past simple-o’tgan zamon He said that he came that day Past perfect-o’tgan tugallangan zamon She was telling about it that she had gone there recently. She said that I had gone to the UK the day before Future past-o’tgan kelasi zamon They told that they should go to the USA the next day Past continuous-o’tgan davomli zamon We said that they were playing then Past perfect continuous You said that he had been driving car since morning. You said that he had been driving car the day before. Past future continuous-kelasi o’tgan davomli zamon They were telling that they should be doing tasks at 2 the following day (the next day). Future perfect in the past-o’tgan kelasi tugallangan zamon I said that they would have been there by that time Future perfect continuous in the past-kelasi tugallangan davomli o’tgan zamon she said that they should have been working there by 2012 for 10 years

2.Quyidagi payt ravishlari va olmoshlar ko’chirma va o’zlashtirma gaplarda quyidagicha yoziladi ya’ni ko’chirma gapda o’zlashtirma gapga o’tgandagi o’zgarishi: