The Present simple tense

Ko’chirma gap
O’zlashtirma gap
This – bu These - bular Now – hozir Today - bugun Tomorrow - ertaga The day after tomorrow – ertadan keyin,indinga Yesterday - kecha The day before yesterday – ilgari kuni,o’tgan kuni Ago - oldin Next year – kelasi yil Here – bu yerda Last week- o’tgan hafta	That – o’sha Those – o’shalar Then - keyin That day – o’sha kuni The next day – keyingi kuni Two days later – ikki kundan keyin The day before - bir kundan oldin Two days before – ikki kun oldin Before - oldin The next year,the following year – kelasi yili There – u yerda Last,A week before- bir hafta oldin

So’roq, buyruq va modal gaplarni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirish
So’roq – bu asosan ikki xil yo’l bilan xosil qilinadi: a) maxsus so’roq gaplar – who, which, why, whose, how many, how much, how long, what va boshqa so’roq so’zlar bilan;
b) umumiy so’roq gaplar – bular asosan yordamchi fe’llar bilan boshlanuvchi gaplardir;

Ular quyidagicha joy egallaydi:

Ko’chirma gap	O’zlashtirma gap
a) maxsus so’roq gaplar: why when which what Bosh gap:“who+yordamchi fe’l+ S+V(istagan zamon)?” whose how much how many how long b) umumiy so’roq gaplar: may/might would/should will/shall Bosh gap:“ do/does/did +S+V(istagan zamon)? Have/has/had Am/is/are/was/were Can/could Must/had to	a) maxsus so’roq gaplar: why when which what Bosh gap who + S+V(istagn zamon). whose how much how many how long b) umumiy so’roq gaplar: may/might would/should mi,mikan will/shall Bosh gap +if/whether+S+ do/does/did(not) +V(istagan zamon). Have/has/had Am/is/are/was/were Can/could Must/had to

Buyruq gaplarni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirish quyidagicha bo’ladi:

Ko’chirma gap	O’zlashtirma gap
V1 S+say/said+to+smb : “please+V1 … …” don’t+V1 she said to Alisher:” please bring some water”	ask/asked to+V1 S+ tell/told + smb + to+V1 order/ordered not to+V1 she asked Alisher to bring some water

Eslatma must, should va ought li maslahatni ifodalovchi so’zlar odatda o’zlashtirma gapda advice / urge ga o’zgaradi.
“You must read that book” (Ko’chirma gap)
He advised / urged me to read that book.(O’zlashtirma gap)


Let’s ifdasi odatda o’zlashtirma gapda suggest ga o’zgaradi.
“ Let’s go to the cinema” (k. gap)
He suggested going to the cinema (o’z. gap) yoki
He suggested that we should go to the cinema.
First state whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F), then turn them from Direct speech into Reported speech.
"Ostriches can fly,” he said. He said (that) ostriches could fly.

1. 
   "The Amazon is the widest river in the world,” she said.
   
2. 
   “The Earth is the largest planet in the universe,” he said.
   
3. 
   “Penguins live in the desert,” she said.
   
4. 
   “It’s hot at the South Pole,” he said.
   
5. 
   “Luxembourg has the best football team in the world." he said.
   
6. 
   “Dolphins are mammals,” he said.
   

Turn from Direct speech into Reported speech.

1. 
   “I've finished all my work." she said. She said (that) she had finished all her work.
   
2. 
   “Why are you looking at me like that?” she asked him.
   
3. 
   "Don't play with matches." his mother said.
   
4. 
   “I've forgotten to bring my lunch with me,” he said.
   
5. 
   “Will you be home soon?” she asked her husband.
   
6. 
   “Go to bed!" Father said to the children.
   
7. 
   “I'll clean the car tomorrow," Tim said to his father.
   
8. 
   “Where have you been?” Gary asked his wife.
   
9. 
   “I've been working for the same company since 1960." he said to me.
   
10. 
    “Do you know Garfield?” she asked me.
    

Turn the following sentences into Reported speech.

1. 
   “How shall I tell Tom the bad news?” she said. She asked how she should tell Tom the bad news.
   
2. 
   “You must try my home-made pie." he said.
   
3. 
   “Can I go home now?" he asked.
   
4. 
   “May I call you by your first name?" he asked her.
   
5. 
   “You can come in. but you mustn’t make any noise." she said to him.
   
6. 
   “What time shall we arrive in London?" he asked.
   
7. 
   “She must try harder if she wants to succeed." he said.
   
8. 
   “My father will be angry with me if he finds out,” she said.
   

First write the appropriate introductory verb then report the following situations.

1. 
   “You should go to bed." advise He advised me to go to bed.
   
2. 
   “Please, please don't leave me."
   
3. 
   “Do it now!”
   
4. 
   “No, I did not kill him.”
   
5. 
   “Oh, alright. I’ll do the washing-up.”
   
6. 
   “Don’t forget to take the dog out.”
   
7. 
   “Everybody, stand up now!”
   
8. 
   "No, I will not give you my money."
   
9. 
   “Could I use your phone?”
   
10. 
    “I'm sorry I shouted at you.”
    
11. 
    “I'll punish you if you don’t behave."
    
12. 
    “It was me who stole the book.”
    
13. 
    “It only works if you press the green button."
    
14. 
    “You’re right. It was a brilliant film.”
    
15. 
    “I've been feeling dizzy all day."
    
16. 
    “Of course I'll write to you."
    
17. 
    "I’ll give you a lift home, if you like."
    
18. 
    “Let's go for a swim.”
    
19. 
    “It was you who broke the TV."
    
20. 
    “If I were you. I would tell them the truth.”
    

Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following.

1. 
   “It wasn’t me who stole the car.” said Henry. Henry denied stealing / having stolen the car.
   
2. 
   "May I have a piece of cake please?" she said.
   
3. 
   “Yes. okay. I'll tell him about the accident," he said.
   
4. 
   “I must have the report by tomorrow," the boss said.
   
5. 
   "Please, please let me go to the party," Sue asked her mother.
   
6. 
   "I'll never be naughty again," Ted said to his father.
   
7. 
   “Stand up straight!" said the sergeant to the soldier.
   
8. 
   "Yes. it was me who robbed the bank," he said.
   
9. 
   “I didn't come to work because I was ill," she said to her boss.
   
10. 
    “Let's play chess," he said.
    
11. 
    “I’m sorry I forgot to phone you,” he said to her.
    
12. 
    “Don’t forget to go to the bank," she said to him.
    
13. 
    “You should relax more," the doctor said to him.
    
14. 
    “Mark is always shouting at me.” she said.
    
15. 
    "Yes. it is a nice dress." he said.
    
16. 
    “Shall I carry your bag. Tracy?" he said.
    
17. 
    “No, I certainly won't do your homework Graham," said Bill.
    
18. 
    “You scratched my record." he said to her.
    
19. 
    “Leave now or I’ll phone the police," she said to the salesman.
    
20. 
    “Oh alright, I'll lend you my car. Tom,” she said.
    
21. 
    “It’s true. I broke the window." he said.
    
22. 
    “I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive." she said to me.
    
23. 
    “You're right, she is beautiful," she said.
    
24. 
    “No. I won t marry you, John," she said.
    
25. 
    “If you try to escape, I’ll shoot you,” he said to the prisoner.
    
26. 
    “Why don't we have chicken for dinner?” he said.
    
27. 
    “You must sign the contract, Mr Harrison,” she said.
    
28. 
    “I'll punish you if you do that again!” he said to the boy.
    
29. 
    “Would you like me to show you how to use this computer?” she said to me.
    
30. 
    “Yes, it is a good idea," he said.
    

Rewrite the following sentences in Reported speech.

1. 
   “What time does the next bus leave?” he said. “I need to get to the station."