The Present simple tense

Oddiy nisbatdagi gerund (active gerund) va majhul nisbatdagi gerund (passive gerund)
1.Gerund ma’lum shaxs yoki buyumga qarashli bo’lmagan ish-harakatni ifodalashi mumkin:
Swimming is a good exercise.
Lekin ko’pincha gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat ma’lum shaxs yoki buyumga qarashli bo’ladi.
Tom left without finishing his dinner. ( finishing egaga qarashli ya’ni Tomga)
Thank you for coming. ( coming to’ldiruvchiga qarashli ya’ni you)
2.Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat u qarashli bo’lgan shaxs yoki buyum tomonidan bajarilsa, Active gerund ishlatiladi:
He likes inviting his friends to his house.
I remember having shown her the letter.
3.Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat u qarashli bo’lgan shaxs yoki buyumga qarashli bo’lmasdan, boshqa shaxs yoki buyum tomonidan sodir etilatilayotgan bo’lsa, Passive gerund ishlatiladi.
He likes being invited by his friends.
I remember having been shown the letter.
4.Ba’zan to need, to want, to require kerak ma’nosida kelgan fe’llardan keyin va worth arziydigan sifatidan keyin Active gerund Passive gerund ma’nosida ishlatiladi
My shoes need repairing. (being repaired emas)
This dress wants washing (being washed emas).


Simple va Perfect gerund
1.Quyidagi hollarda simple gerund ishlatiladi:
a) gapning kesimidagi ish-harakat bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun.
I am surprised at hearing this.
I was quite disappointed at not finding him there.
b) kelasi zamonga taalluqli bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun.
We intend shipping the goods in May.
We think of going there in the summer.
c) vaqtdan qat’I nazar.
Swimming is a good exercise.