The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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evidence of animal life histories. Although he admits that some stories in the
volume are “more or less composite” (9), the least so are those of Arnaux the homing pigeon and the coursing hare (or jackrabbit) known as Warhorse. Inevitably, however, this veracity is due to their captivity and exploitation. Both are anthropocentrically defined as 'heroic' by human observers based on their ability both to survive and to continue providing a service. Seton explains that, it is “less than ten years since the 'Jack Warhorse' won his hero-crown. Thousands of ‘Kaskadoans’ will remember him, and by the name Warhorse his coursing exploits are recorded in several daily papers” (9-10) Indeed, in the story itself, he includes such reports: Next day there was a paragraph in all the papers: ‘WONDERFUL FEAT OF A JACKRABBIT. The Little Warhorse, as he had been styled, completely skunked two of th e most famous Dogs on the turf,’ etc. [sic] […] It is so seldom that a Rabbit crosses the track at all, that when Jack did it six times without having to dodge, the papers took note of it, and after each meet there appeared a notice: ‘The Little Warhorse crossed again today; old-timers say it shows how our Dogs are deteriorating.’ (244, 246) Similarly, Arnaux the homing pigeon sets a record —“Two hundred and ten miles in fog over sea in four hours and forty minutes! ”—and so it is “duly inscribed in the roll of the Homing Clu b” (86). Moreover, after Arnaux’s death, Seton specifies that the peregrine nest in which his body was found “is now to be seen in the American Museum of Natural History in New York,” and he even specifies the identification numbers of several other homing pigeon “badges” that the “museum authorities” found (10). As we might expect, Seton also Allmark-Kent 131 narrates the discovery of the nest in the story: “And none knew the fate of the peerless Bird till deep in the dust and rubbish of that pirate-nest the avenger found, among others of its kind, a silver ring, the sacred badge of the High Homer, and read upo n it the pregnant inscription: ‘ARNAUX, 25900 C.’” (104-7). This validation of the ‘heroic’ exploited animal is problematic, particularly when we consider the fact that Seton utilizes this material proof of their exploitation, not only to aid the veracity of the stories, but to construct himself as a the historian of animal lives gathering his sources. Nonetheless, fortunately both stories do include strong criticism and defamiliarization of the anthropocentric practices in question. There are countless examples of this pseudo-autobiographical style in which Seton depicts himself gathering anecdotes and evidence, often directly from the human observers. In the story of “Johnny Bear” from Lives of the Hunted, Seton describes one such encounter: I first heard the story from three bronzed mountaineers. As they were very sensitive about having their word doubted, and very good shots with the revolver, I believed every word they told me, especially when afterward fully indorsed [sic] by the Park authorities. (Hunted 176-7) Whether these meetings and conversations actually took place, they are treated in the same way as the material evidence, bolstering the reliability of both Seton and his ‘true’ stories. Of course, the strongest such support comes from Seton’s own training as an artist and naturalist. Each story is accompanied by several of his own illustrations, reinforc ing his presence as an ‘eye witness’ in a way that is lacking from Roberts’ work, whose illustrations were provided by the wildlife artist, Charles Livingston Bull. This is Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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