The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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Allmark-KentC
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- Introduction
CHAPTER FIVE
REALISTIC REPRESENTATIONS: RODERICK HAIG- BROWN’S RETURN TO THE RIVER, FRED BODSWORTH’S LAST OF THE CURLEWS, AND R.D. LAWRENCE’S THE WHITE PUMA Introduction The three texts that form the focus of this chapter have been chosen for their close resemblance to Seton ’s and Roberts’ original genre. All possess the wild animal story characteristics that I outlined in Chapter Three, although I will resist the temptation to demonstrate, laboriously, the ways in which each text satisfies my criteria. My separate discussion of each book will form an individual, close analysis from which I will draw attention to certain similarities or features. If I do not discuss a genre characteristic, its existence can usually be taken for granted and ought to be apparent in my discussion. To simply produce a list of the ways in which each text justifies my belief in Seton ’s and Roberts’ influence would leave little room for engagement with the texts on an individual basis. Within the chapter, it is useful to compare the differences between the mid- and late-twentieth-century texts. The rise and fall of behaviourism is particularly apparent, as is the spread of ecological concern. In these texts the animal protagonist is not an isolated individual but part of an endangered population. Each author draws comparisons between the suffering individual and the suffering species. The similarities between these texts and the original wild animal stories may also demonstrate the direct influence of the Nature Fakers controversy. Whether stated or implied during discussions of anthropomorphism and sentimentality, the legacy of the debate can be detected with ease. As such, Allmark-Kent 147 these authors of realistic texts use careful strategies to avoid association with ‘nature faking.’ In the mid-century texts, this results in a curious tension between committed, zoocentric representations and reductive, objectifying language. I argue that this is due to the dominance of the advocates of behaviourism in mainstream science. Indeed, merely tracking the use of the word ‘instinct’ across these texts can indicate its influence. Where possible, I have also included review of the texts that were published in scientific journals. These provide an effective gauge for perceptions of the texts’ ‘anthropomorphism’ or ‘accuracy,’ as well as measuring the success of the author’s attempts to engage with science. Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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