Theme: Analisys of stylistic connotation

4. Types of stylistic connotations.
Language units, in addition to the main meaning (denotation), may have additional semantic or stylistic meanings and coloring (stylistic connotations), limiting the possibilities the importance of using this unit of language in certain areas and conditions of communication. There are emotional-expressive (evaluative) and functional-style varieties of stylistic connotations. Emotionally expressive connotations are associated with the expression of attitude to the subject (in the broad sense of this word), its assessment: Honey bunny, twig, old lady, directress, fox, rabbit, bear (about a person), grandiose, coming , hard worker, administrative-bureaucratic system. Language means with emotionally expressive connotation are divided into ameliorative, expressing a positive attitude (assessment) to what is being expressed (enthusiast, delightful, inflexible my, spiritualized), and peiopathic, expressing a negative attitude (leader, conciliation, white-handed, servile, indulge, boast). Among the positive colors stand out sublime, solemn, rhetorical (indestructible, selfless, power, aspirations, hoist), approving (amazing, magnificent, miracle ny), affectionate (daughter, dove, lamb), etc., among the negative ones - dismissive (brexyn, pharmacist, doctor, chatterbox, zamykhryshka, herd of sheep, stare like a ram on a new gate), contemptuous (anonymous, bourgeois, bazaar woman), disapproving (couch potato, grouch, dragging), ironic (to kill a beaver - to deceive in calculations, shed balm on something, caliph for an hour), scoundrel (swindler , reptile, viper - about a person, bureaucrat, rogue) and others
Functional and stylistic connotations are due to the predominant use of a linguistic unit in some particular sphere of communication. Traditionally, linguistic means with functional and stylistic coloring in the Uzbek literary language are divided into bookish (K): motherland, intelligence, notice, excessive, extremely, very, reading, axilles heel, tantalum torment, nothing hesitant and colloquial (P): reader, buddy , exidious, joke, tell, put on your feet, gram (in the parent plural), on vacation. Conversational units are used mainly in oral speech, in casual everyday communication. The use of them in written speech is limited to literary literature and journalism and has certain expressive goals - the creation of a verbal portrait that, a realistic depiction of the life of a particular social environment, the achievement of a comic effect, etc. In scientific literature, in official business documents, they are out of place . Colloquial language means (P) are close to colloquial, partly standing on the verge of literary use, partly representing non-literary language units: pronypa, pistomelya, bre xnya, kalyakat, brag, play the fool, like a brew, call, shop, cake. The bookish ones include stylistically limited and fixed in their use language units that occur mainly in written speech, but are not typical for everyday life new speech, casual conversation. They are used in scientific literature, journalistic works, official business documents, and also in fiction literature. Among the book language units, there are general book, functional and stylistic the coloring of which is revealed only when used in the sphere of everyday communication (in colloquial speech): truth, beginning, analogy, aspect, for, quite, to be on vacation e, kilograms, and units that have the color of one of any style: sanction, law and order , defendant, plaintiff, lay responsibility, bearer of this, according to the ruling (of.-del.), anomaly, oxidation, vector, hypotension, dialectology, orthoepy ( adv.), avant-garde, aggression, interview, notorious, predatory, provide support, to arrive on an official visit (public). A number of bookish words have a poetic connotation: cheeks, eyes, muse, oak trees, sorrow, kymir, krychina, marvelous, radiant, cherish, experience, verily, sons of the Fatherland, etc. They are used most often in poetry, fiction and journalism. For example: All suffering, all sorrow of the human soul was heard in them [violin sounds] (I. Goncharov); Suddenly, it seemed to him that some wonderful, solemn sounds were heard in the air above his head (I. Typgenev). The stylistic coloring is often two-dimensional, i.e. indicates not only the sphere of use of the language unit, but also its emotionally expressive and evaluative character. Colloquial language means can express familiarity, contempt, affection, disdain, etc., bookish ones can express solemnity, elation, poetry, etc. For example: dunce (par. and contempt.), market work (colloquial and scornful) , hide in bushes (colloquial and ironic), pedant (book and inappropriate), forum (book and trade).
However, not all linguistic elements fixed in a functional-style relation have an emotionally expressive connotation. So, scientific terms and official business vocabulary do not have an emotionally expressive connotation: anesthesia, hypertension, arithmometer, vector, molecule, affixation; tenant, investigation, law and order, sanction, etc. Deprived of emotionally expressive coloring and some colloquial words: progressive, penny, reader, current, instantly , in my own way, ipode, hardly, etc., colloquial and bookish or neutral grammatical forms: vacations - vacations, piece of caxapa - caxapy, grams - grams, etc. Stylistic connotations are described in the most detail at the lexical level. However, they are also typical for linguistic units of other levels. So, the word-formation system of the modern Russian language has numerous suffixes and prefixes of subjective assessment (emotionally expressive): ok (ek) - cy chok, stump; ochek (echek) - dpyzhochek, stump, onk-(enk-) - dove, daughter, pretty, small; isch- - mud, rychishcha, strength; yn - chatterbox, fighter; ak- - onlooker, squiggle, reveler, etc. Many affixes give the words a functional-style coloring. For example, the connotation of colloquialism is introduced by the suffixes k-: motorboat, overflow, washing; ik, nick: evening, eyeball. Colloquial (or colloquial) and bright emotionally expressive coloring is possessed by nouns on tye, nye, ota, nya, otnya, sha: live, run, run, woz nya, cashier. Verbs with the suffixes irova-, izirova- have bookish coloring: to debate, stimulate, intensify, militarize, fetishize, and also the corresponding nouns a ipovanie, izpovaniye, adjectives and participles on ipovannyy, izirovannyy; formations with prefixes co-, bottom-, from-, voz-, etc.: co-involvement, fellowship, exalt, overthrow, experience, with suffixes oct: power, agreement, reality; ation: melioration, acclimatization; IT: bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis. In the field of morphology, in contrast to vocabulary and word formation, there are significantly fewer units with stylistic connotations. Morphological forms and categories are stylistically marked only if there are options, for example, the nominative plural form of some nouns yzhk genus (contracts - contracts, lecturers - lecturer, blind - blind); forms of the genitive case of the singular masculine noun with a real value (a piece of cheese - cheese, a spoonful of honey - honey); short and full forms of adjectives (talented - talented, stupid - stupid, fair - fair);

forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives (higher - higher, most interesting - most interesting), etc. As for the syntactic constructions, they all have one or another functional-style or emotional-expressive coloring.

[1]See Ter-Minasova S.G., Language and intercultural communication. M., 2004, p. 202-204.
[2] V.V. Kolesov, 2004, p. 163
[3] Shakhova Natalya. Decree. op., p. 10.
[4] Margarita Sosnitskaya. What language do we speak. "Moscow", September, 2002, p. 203
[5] M.M. Raevskaya, “Spanish language of the XI-XII centuries. and Spanish Linguistic Consciousness: Interrelation and Interaction” doctoral dissertation, M., 2007, p. 25-26.
[6] Drozdov N.N. Flight of the boomerang. "Thought", 1988
[7]Shakhova Natalya. Decree. op., p. 3.
[8] Umerova M.V. Linguistic status of the target language. Cand. diss. MSLU, Moscow, 2003
[9]See Ter-Minasova S.G. "Language and Intercultural Communication". M., 2004. pp. 75-79