Theme: the numeral and the pronoun
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8. The numeral and the pronoun
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- Category of case of pronouns
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He himself did it
I myself met your friend. 2)personal pronouns” we”, "you", “they” and an indefinite pronoun "one" may have some generalizing meaning too, so they are not generalizing pronouns: One should know how to fight for living: You should be very calm in a classroom You should do what you should do. 3) “we” may have a generalizing meaning: We must fight for peace. We know that the earth is round. 4) “they” may have a generalizing meaning They say he is working at school. It is important to stress the fact that in certain cases the pronouns "one”, “we", and "you", may be interchangeably, that is, synonymously, used in their generalizing meanings. We must know such things (One must know such things). You must know such things (One must know such things) . One must know such things (We( you) must know such things). Interrogative pronouns "what" and "it" are means of exclamation (Compare: “What a good thing you've done! It’s great!” ). And “ which” can also denote a person as in: “Which of them is a worker?. “It” can also be a personal pronoun(when used subjectively or objectively as in: Here is a book. It is new.), and “It” may be an impersonal or introductory(or anticipatory) pronoun(when used as an introductory(or anticipatory) “it” as in: “It is cold”, or “It is late” or “It is John who came here”, “It is important that he should be here”). Reflexive pronoun "myself" is not only a reflexive pronoun, but also an intensifying one as is the case in: “My friend and myself would be obliged if you would tell us that (Jerome)”. “This” and” that” have the category of number as in: “this – these” and “that – those”. “That”as a pronoun is homonymous with a conjunction “that”, and sometimes “ that”as a conjunction may mean either singular or plural as in: The students that are working there are very strong, or the student that is coming here is Jack. In studying the pronouns one has to take into consideration very frequent cases grammatical homonymy as in the following: “it “as a personal and impersonal pronoun, “that” as a “demonstrative pronoun” and as a “connective pronoun”,. “what", “which”, “who”, “whose”, “whom”, “whoever”, “whatever”, “whichever”, “whomever” as interrogative, relative and connective pronouns. In all the above mentioned cases we face the universal phenomenon of grammatical homonymy of language units – lexemes, which are like” twins”, hence are identical in form , but not in meaning and function. So here we are dealing not with one word demonstrating one form, but different meanings and functions, on the contrary here we are facing at least two or more words that are identical in form, but different in meaning and hence are called homonyms. Accordingly we can draw a conclusion that we have as many words –homonyms - as the meanings and functions we have in question. Conclusion as to the types of pronouns. Grammatical forms of pronouns are variable, changeable, but not all pronouns have a changeable form. Functions of the pronouns are those of: 1)subject; 2) predicative;3) attribute; 4)object, etc. The grammatical categories of the pronouns. The pronoun has the following grammatical categories that are observed in its combinability with other parts of speech to perform certain grammatical( syntactical) functions: 1) number 2) case 3) person From our point of view the problem of "gender" of the pronouns, as some grammarians think there is such a category (R. Quirk, S. Greenbaum , G. Leech, J. Svartvik . A University Grammar of English,M., “Vyssaya skola”, 1982, p.97), is solved, for in Modern English pronouns have no “gender” category, because the cases of "he, she, it" are rather lexical phenomena than grammatical, because we see no change in the pronouns themselves, unlike those of Russian "мой, мoя, мoе", in which there's the category of "gender" of pronouns, represented by masculine(мой), feminine(моя) and neutral(моё) gender forms. Category of case of pronouns The category of case of pronouns is not typical of or common to all types of pronouns, for there are certain pronoun types that have no case category at all: interrogative pronouns what, which, my, your, his, her, its, our (possessive pronouns), both, all, (defining pronouns) etc. We have to consider the pronoun types having the category of case and they are as follows.
Possessive pronouns like "my, your, his, her' may have some specific forms called absolute (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs) and conjount (my, your, his, her, our, your, their), which is peculiar only to the possessive pronouns. The grammatical category of person of the pronouns
As, we see not all pronouns have the categories of gender, case and number, because some pronouns are invariable and that’s why they have no grammatical categories at all. Download 32.9 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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