Theoretical grammar of english

category of case doesn't exist; ^‘s - "a formant s" (формант).
Reasons:
1.the use of `s is not obligatory<sub>/</sub> can be substituted by an of-prase. In Russian inflections are obligatory,
2.the formant `s can be added to a limited number of Ns, mainly denoting living beings. In Russian all Ns have case inflections.
3.is not added to plural Ns ending in -s
4. `s can be added to Ns and some adverbs (yesterday's paper), but adverbs in English are indeclinable
5.`s can be used with 'group possessives' (Peter and Paul's father)
All this makes `s different from real case inflections, reminds rather of a function W, very similar to preposition (expresses a certain type of gram relations) but placed after the W and not before = postposition (послелог). Смирницкий не согласен с этой умной женщиной:
1. `s is mainly added to nouns => a case inflection
2. in group genitives words are so closely connected that they can be treated as compound Ns
3. `s can hardly be called a word at all, because it consists of 1 consonant. It can be assimilated in speech. Assimilation is typical of morphemes.
Analytical cases
Regular use of certain prepositions to express case relations:
To go to London
To arrive in London
To leave for London
BUT there are no analytical cases:
1) case is a morphological category and prepositional phrases belong to the sphere of syntax
2) the amount of meanings expressed by prepositions and the meanings of cases do not coincide completely
3) combinations of nouns and various prepositions are too numerous to be interpreted as case forms, so the number of cases becomes practically unlimited.


8.The category of case of nouns. The meanings of the common and the genitive case. Different points of view on the number of cases in Modern English.
C – the form of a N which shows the rel-n of that N to other Ws in the s-ce, helps to define its syntactical funct-n in the s-ce. C – morphology-l cat-ry as it’s represented by diff f-s of 1 & the same W. The terms for the Cs r: common(CC) & genitive (GC)  opp-n betw them. The form of the GC is marked. The formal marker’s m-me s which has the corresponding phonological var. The form of the CC is unmarkd zero m-me. In pl form of the GC & the CC the № of m-mes coincide (boys’-boys) The m-ng of the CC’s broad. It shows that the N is non-G. The use of the N in CC’s very extensive. The use of the N in GC’s restricted: 1) GC’s mainly pos with N which denote animate obj. (we can substitute the W with 1 of the proN he, she, who man, girl, dog. Yet GC’s used with Ns denoting measure & space (a year’s absence) 2) N in GC can only be used as attr to other N in the CC & they r alw placed in prep-n (Bill’s room)There r Ns which can be subst-d by such proN as he, she but not by who (sheep, sun, car). We can use them in the GC but can’t say they’r strictly animate. On the oth hand there r N which can be replaced by it & they have m-ng of animate (the committee’s report, party’s conference). If we can analyze the means of the GC through transormat-l analysis. I) Possesive G (jack’s car, the bird’s nest). These W-cob-s r transfermed into s-ce with the V to have (Jon has the car, The bird has a nest). II) Subjective G. (the Dr’s advice, the husband’s arrival// the Dr advised, the husband arrived) III) Obj-ve G (Jon’s surprise, the man’s release 1^st stage: J was surprised; 2^nd: Sb surprised J. IV) Adverbal G (a month’s absence – The absence’s a month. Sb was absent 4 a month (how long). V) G of destination (ladies’ dresses (dresses 4 ladies) VI) G of authorship (Dicken’s book= by Dick) The № of Cs in En. In OEn there was 1 sys of Cs for N & proN ( N: Nom – boy, Gen – boy’s, Obj – boy. proN: Nom – he, G – his, Obj – him). Those who object: 1) If personal proN have 3 Cs that doesn’t mean N also have 3 Cs Poss-ve proN – Adj proN: he, his, him – r not f of one. He is a N proN & his - adj.proN. Воронцова states that the criter of C doesn’t exist cause by her ‘s is not a C inflex-n but the formant s. 1) the use of the infl-n ‘s is not obligatory, we can substitute its use by an of-phr (the man’s ? – the ? of the man) 2) the infl ‘s can be added to a limited № of N, they’re to denote living beings (the boy’s leg, but the leg of the table). It isn’t added to the N in the pl, we have only the ‘. 3) ‘s can be add to N as well as to Adv (yesterday’s paper). In all European l-ges adj r indeclinabl. 4)’s is used to form group poss-ve (the king of England’s daughter) C is not real, it’s a funct W similar to a prep &it performs the same funct-s of exrp-n gr rel-s in a s-ce but not placed in prep, it alw follows should be calle postposit-n. Analytical Cs. The notion of AC is connect with the regular use of some prep to expr C rel-ns. The prep of is very typ of GC, it expr the idea of posses-n. Many say AC not exist: 1) the amount of m-ng expr-ed by the prep & the m-ng of C infl-n do not complete by coincide 2) Comb-n of diff prep & Ns r too numerous to be interpreted as forms of cat of case the № of Cs can become unlimited 3) C is a morphol-l cat-ry & comb-n of prep & Ns belong to the sphere of syntax.