Ticket 1 Enterprises (firms) field of activity and its main characteristics

3. Personnel of enterprise, productivity and payment of labour.
A personnelis an aggregate of workers different professionally qualification groups whichare busy on an enterprise and included in his registration composition.INDEXES OF THE USE OF LABOUR RESOURCES:- Coefficient of turn of personnel from a reception- Coefficient of turn of personnel from leaving- Coefficient of fluidity of personnel- Labour productivity
ProductivityA relationship between the output of goods and services and the inputs ofproduction factors used to produce them. Productivity is usually measured byratios of changes in inputs to change in outputs using index numbers. Productivity is a measure of economic performance that compares the amount of goods and services produced (output) with the amount of inputs used to produce those goods and services. At what levels can productivity be measured?

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  Individual worker’s productivity
  
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  Company’s productivity
  
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  Industry or sector productivity
  
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  Business sector productivity
  
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  National productivity
  

Payment is the transfer of money, goods, or services in exchange for goods and services in acceptable proportions that have been previously agreed upon by all parties involved. A payment can be made in the form of services exchanged, cash, check, wire transfer, credit card, debit card, or cryptocurrencies. Today's monetary system allows for payments to be made with currency. Currency, which has simplified the means of economic transactions, provides a convenient medium through which payments can be made, and it can also be easily stored.
11-variant

1.Enterprise expenses and income

-An expense is the cost of operations that a company incurs to generate revenue. It is simply defined as the cost one is required to spend on obtaining something. As the popular saying goes, “it costs money to make money.”Common expenses include payments to suppliers, employee wages, factory leases, and equipment depreciation. Businesses are allowed to write off tax-deductible expenses on their income tax returns to lower their taxable income and thus their tax liability; however, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has strict rules on which expenses businesses are allowed to claim as a deduction.Types of expenses-Operating Expenses,Non-operating Expenses,Capital Expenses. income is a type of earned income and is classified as ordinary income for tax purposes. It encompasses any income realized as a result of an entity’s operations. In its simplest form, it is a business entity’s net profit or loss, which is calculated as its revenue from all sources minus the costs of doing business Business income is a type of earned income and is classified as ordinary income for tax purposes. It encompasses any income realized as a result of an entity’s operations. In its simplest form, it is a business entity’s net profit or loss, which is calculated as its revenue from all sources minus the costs of doing business.1

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  Business income is earned income and encompasses any income realized from an entity’s operations.
  
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  For tax purposes, business income is treated as ordinary income.
  
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  Business expenses and losses often offset business income.
  
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  How a business is taxed depends on whether it is a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation.