Ticket 1 Enterprises (firms) field of activity and its main characteristics

3. Systems of providing of competitiveness of products.
Competitiveness--Aggregate of quality and cost descriptions of products, which are instrumental in creation of advantage of this product before products-competitors in satisfaction of concrete necessity of buyer.
Normative parameters determine accordance of commodity the set norms, standards and requirements which are conditioned legislation and other normative documents.
Economic parameters determine the level of consumption cost and utilization of commodity. Economic parameters are divided into non-permanent and current:
a)non-permanent costs are costs on acquisition of products, transporting, trial start, if they are not plugged in the cost of products. b)current outlays include charges on payment of work of auxiliary personnel, expense, on a fuel and electric power, additional charges, related to delivery, loading and unloading of fuel, expense, on raw material, basic and auxiliary materials, which are needed for the use of products, expense, on repair, awaiting-parts and other charges.
Technical parameters are description of technical and physical properties of commodity which determine the features of industry and methods of his use, and also to the function which executes a commodity in the process of his application. Technical parameters are divided into the parameters of setting, structural and ergonomics parameters.
INDEXES OF COMPETITIVENESS AFTER THE LEVELS OF HIERARCHY: Integral index of quality of products; Cost of products; Average annual costs on exploitation and repair of products; Productivity (average annual, normative, for the term of service of products); Reliability of products; Prime price of making of products


Ticket30
1.The purpose and main forms of state regulation of the economy.
A regulatory state governs the economy mainly through regulatory agencies that are empowered to enforce a variety of standards of behavior to protect the public against market failures of various sorts, including monopolistic pricing, predation, and other abuses of market power, and by providing collective goods (such as national defense or public education) that otherwise would be undersupplied by the market.
Government regulation is classified into two basic types; social and economic regulation. Social regulation ensures the protection of public interests and social cohesion. In contrast, economic regulation ensures efficiency by curbing market failure and managing the economy effectively.
Social Regulation. Social regulation describes the regulations that the government establishes to protect the public interest and social cohesion. The public interests that these regulations protect are the health and safety of the environment. Social cohesion regards the unity of a community and how well people relate with each other. The government sets up standards and policies that determine how industries and firms should account for their activities so that they do not impose negative effects on the environment. The environment is primarily protected by minimizing the pollution of harmful chemicals into the environment.
Economic Regulation. Economic regulation describes the laws that the government initiates to control and regulate private corporations and influence commodities prices. The government controls the economy through entry controls to determine who can enter the market. It also influences economic activities through monetary and fiscal policies. Monetary policy controls the level of money supply in an economy and how it is supplied. The fiscal policy regulates how the government spends its revenue and the policies attached to taxes.