Timss 2011 Science Framework Chapter 2


TIMSS 2011 SCIenCe FraMework


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TIMSS2011 Frameworks-Chapter2

 
TIMSS 2011 SCIenCe FraMework 
| 81 
exhibit 9: Target Percentages of the TIMSS 2011 Science assessment 
Devoted to Cognitive Domains at Fourth and eighth Grades
Cognitive Domains
Percentages
Fourth Grade
Eighth Grade
Knowing
40%
35%
Applying
40%
35%
Reasoning
20%
30%
While some hierarchy is imposed in the division of behaviors 
into the three cognitive domains, a range of difficulty levels is 
expected for items developed for each of the cognitive domains. 
The following sections further describe the student skills and 
abilities defining the cognitive domains. The general descriptions 
are followed by lists of specific behaviors to be elicited by items that 
are aligned with each domain.
Knowing
Knowing refers to students’ knowledge base of science facts, 
information, concepts, and tools. Accurate and broad-based factual 
knowledge enables students to engage successfully in the more 
complex cognitive activities essential to the scientific enterprise. 
Students are expected to recall or recognize accurate science 
statements; possess knowledge of vocabulary, facts, information, 
symbols, and units; and select appropriate apparatus, equipment, 
measurement devices, and experimental operations to use in 
conducting investigations. This cognitive domain also includes the 
selection of illustrative examples in support of statements of facts 
or concepts.


 
82 

ChaPTer 2 
1
Recall/ 
Recognize
Make or identify accurate statements 
about science facts, relationships, 
processes, and concepts; identify the 
characteristics or properties of specific 
organisms, materials, and processes.

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