Topic 1: Does increasing travels between countries enable people to learn different cultures or to

Topic 59: Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved 
fertilizers and better machinery. However, some of the methods used to do this may be 
dangerous to human health and may have negative effects on local communities. To 
what extent do you agree or disagree?
 
(organic fertilizers), (manure); (inorganic fertilizers),(man-made fertilizers, normally chemicals) 
(chronic and accumulative effects);
(stunt growth of wild plants), (bigger stronger plants), (lead to higher output) ;
(produce drought-resistant plants), (crop varieties that withstand pest attacks)
(reduce soil fertility) , (soil degradation), (reduce agricultural productivity);
 (acquire more resistance);
 
 (pollute land and destroy local ecosystems), (damage life) ;
(persist and build up in the body),
(reduce biodiversity), (homogeneous diets)
Fertilizers and machinery used to be welcomed by countries worldwide as essential 
elements of industrialized farming, a landmark in the history of global agriculture. However, 
because of being used on a large scale worldwide, they have caused heated controversy, there 
is ongoing debate on the possible damages of industrial farming caused to the environment 
and humanity. In my opinion, both are still irreplaceable, although efficient and scientific 
utilization is highly recommended.
Fertilizers and machinery are both essential in increasing crop yields, a solution to 
starvation throughout the world. In history, manual work accounted for the majority of 
farming, from sowing, irrigating to harvesting. The slow pace of human labour made it 
impossible to produce enough crops to feed populations. Farming is, on the other hand, 
exposed to the influence of many elements-weather conditions, soil compositions, pests or 
some unpredictable events like natural disasters. Fertilizers enhance crops or other foods' 
resistance to external disturbances, while machinery saves manpower by finishing the major 
part of the work. The yield is raised to the highest, and lauds are used to the full. Enough food 
can be produced to meet the market need now, despite the continued growth of the population.
Some people defy fertilizers and machinery because of their concern on environment. 
However, this notion has been challenged by advances in this area of knowledge. 
Technological innovation has made machinery more environmentally friendly, and many 
machines used for fanning purposes are now able to operate without generating much waste. 
Fertilizers, by comparison, are much less environment-damaging. Most fertilizers are organic 
and free of ingredients incompatible with the environment. Nor do they have deleterious 
effects on people's health.
Despite what has been discussed, farmers should beware of over-application of fertilizers. 
From all environmental perspective, fertilizers and machinery should be classified and used 
with caution. The over-application of fertilizers not only has perpetually disastrous effects on 
farms but also injures the neighboring ecosystem. Many scientific studies suggest that a long 
history of fertilizer use can significantly reduce land fertility. 
Other consequences include poisoning all wildlife feeding on farm crops (e.g., birds), and 
polluting the neighboring water bodies. On health and safety grounds, fertilizers might bring 
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remediless damage to eaters' health, for some chemicals, although not fatal themselves, might 
become life-threatening when accumulating inside eaters' bodies.
On the basis of the above-mentioned arguments, people are convinced that the sustainable 
supply of foods still rests Oil fertilizers and machinery, and the key is to use them properly 
and in moderation.
1. Humanity=human race=humankind=people
2. Irreplaceable=unique=inimitable=matchless
3. Starvation=hunger=food crisis=food shortage
4. Account for=explain=justify=give an explanation for
5. Unpredictable=random=irregular
6. Defy=boldly resist=boldly reject=act against
7. Notion=concept=perception=thought=opinion
8. Deleterious=detrimental=life-damaging=1ife- threatening
9. Disastrous=devastating=ruinous=catastrophic
10. Rest on=hinge on=depend on=rely on=count on
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