Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer
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appli cability, on the other.
We believe that the definition of equivalence as a relationship between
a linguistic code and a message verbalized using the signs contained in this
code cannot apply to a theory of translation, even if we attempt to distinguish
between this type of equivalence and a concept of ‘translational equiva
lence’ with regard to source and target texts. Lehmann’s statement that the
“[e]quivalence between a message M and its sign, or the organization of its
signs, is a prerequisite for its communication”
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postulates a relationship of
equal value between entities belonging to different categories, i.e. between a
tool (instrument, repertoire of signs, code, at the level of language as a con
struct,
langue) and the product it is supposed to produce (the text, at the level
of occurrence,
parole). If, under certain circumstances, such a relationship
exists, it would probably be called ‘adequacy’.
In translation studies, equivalence includes both the relationship between
the individual linguistic signs of a text pair and the relationship between whole
texts. The existence of an equivalence relation between individual elements
of a text pair does not automatically imply equivalence at the text level and
vice versa: the existence of textual equivalence does not mean that the seg
ments or elements of the two texts are equivalent at other levels. Moreover,
in our opinion, textual equivalence is not limited to linguistic aspects: it also
includes cultural equivalence.
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