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- III Bob yuzasidan xulosalar
Kognitiv fe’llar
Ingliz tilida O zbek tilida ʻ Feel – (transitive verb) 1a: to handle or touch in order to examine, test, or explore some quality; ex: She felt the fabric to see if it was wool.b: to perceive by a physical sensation coming from discrete end organs (as of the 1. His qilmoq; m: u og riqni xis qila oldi. ʻ 2. Sezmoq; m: Men uni meni sevishini sezyapman. 3. Oldindan xis qilmoq nimanidir; m: ehtimol ertaga kuchli bo ron bo lar, negaki oyoqlarim shuni xis ʻ ʻ qilyapdi. 63 skin or muscles); ex: He felt a sudden pain in his leg. 2a: to undergo passive experience ofcontinually felt the resentment of his competitors; b: to have one's sensibilities markedly affected byfelt the insult deeply. Hear – (transitive verb) 1: to perceive or become aware of by the eardidn't hear what she saidthought I heard them leave; 2: to gain knowledge of by hearing; ex: heard that you were ill. 3a: to listen to with attention: heed; 1. Eshitmoq; m: men sizni eshityapman. 2. Xabar olmoq; m: u mendan tez tez xat orqali xabar olib turadi. 3. E’tibor bermoq; m: siz mening nuqtimga e’tibor bermayapsiz. 64 ex: would not hear my side of the story Mishear – (transitive verb): to hear wrongly; (intransitive verb): to misunderstand what is heard. 1. Noto g ri eshitmoq; ʻ ʻ m: kechirasiz, siz meni noto g ri eshitdingiz, men sizdan High Way ko chasi ʻ ʻ ʻ qayerda joylashganligini sizdan so radim. ʻ 2. Tushunmaslik biron nimaga; m: men Edger bizni tushunmadi. Overhear – (transitive verb): to hear without the speaker's knowledge or intention; (intransitive verb): to overhear something. 1. E’tiborsiz eshitmoq; m: u boshlig ining ʻ tanbehlarini e’tiborsiz eshitar edi. 2. Noto g ri eshitmoq; ʻ ʻ m:mening singlim doim gapimni noto g ri eshitadi. ʻ ʻ Perceive – (transitive verb) 1a: to attain awareness or understanding of; b: to regard as being such; ex: he was perceived as a loser. 2: to 1. Xabardor bo lmoq; ʻ m: u har doim yangiliklardan xabardor bo ladi. ʻ 2. Deb hisoblamoq; m: u o zini kursning yangi ʻ a’zosi deb hisoblaydi. 65 become aware of through the senses, especially: see, observe. Rehear – (transitive verb): to hear again or anew especially judicially. 1. Qayta eshitmoq; m: u yangiliklarni qayta qayta eshitdi. See – (transitive verb) 1a: to perceive by the eye; b: to perceive or detect as if by sight; 2a: to be aware of: recognize sees only our faults; b: to imagine as a possibility: suppose. Ex: he couldn't see him as a crook 1. Ko rmoq; ʻ m: men ko ra olaman. ʻ 2. Sifatida ko rmoq; ʻ m: men sizni otam sifatida ko raman. ʻ 3. Sifatida tasavvur qilmoq; m: men o zimni ʻ tajribali oshpaz sifatida ko ra olmiman. ʻ Smell– (transitive verb) 1: to perceive the 1. Hidlamoq; m: u gullarni hidladi. 2. Hid taratmoq; m: gular ajoyib xid tarataypdi. 3. Oldindan biron nimani bilmoq (isini olmoq); m: u 66 odor or scent of through stimuli affecting the olfactory nerves: get the odor or scent of with the nose; 2: to detect or become aware of as if by the sense of smell; ex: I smell trouble. 3: to emit the odor of. muommoni isini oldi. Sound - 1a: a particular auditory impression: tone; b: the sensation perceived by the sense of hearing; c: mechanical radiant energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a material medium (such as air) and is the objective cause of 1. Eshitilmoq; m: xabar judayam yaxshi bo lib ʻ eshitilyapdi. 2. Ovoz bermoq; m: mening ovozim chiroyli jaranglayapdi. 67 hearing. Taste – (transitive verb) 1: to ascertain the flavor of by taking a little into the mouth; 2: to eat or drink especially in small quantities; 3: to perceive or recognize as if by the sense of taste; 4: to become acquainted with by experience; ex: he has tasted the frustration of defeat. 1. Maza, tam bermoq; m: sho rva mazali tam ʻ beryapdi. 2. Tatib ko rmoq; ʻ m: u tortdan kichik bo lakni kesdi ʻ va biroz qismini sanchqida olib tatib ko rdi. ʻ 3. Tam bilmoq; m: arilar tam bila oladilar. Ushbu jadvalda fe’llarning kognitiv shakli tahlil qilingan bo lib, ular asosan ʻ insonning beshta sezish a’zolariga bog liq holda tahlil qilingan va tahlil natijasi ʻ shuni ko rsatadiki, kognitiv fe’llarning barcha turlarining o zbek tilida ʻ ʻ to laqonlicha tarjima va alternativlari mavjud. ʻ Tafakkur fe’llarining til lug at boyligining salmoqli qismini egallagan va ʻ ular son jihatidan ko p bo lganligi sababli ularning barchasini bir rejada tahlil ʻ ʻ qilish anchayin murakkab masaladir. Biz dissertatsiyamizning ilova qismida ushbu fe’llarning aksariyatini chog ishtirma tarjima va misollar asosida tahlil ʻ qilishga harakat qildik. 68 Xulosa o rnida shuni ayta olamizki, fe’llarning turlariga bo lingan holda ʻ ʻ ko rib chiqilgan tahlillarda o zbek tilida so z boyligida ingliz tilidagi tafakkur ʻ ʻ ʻ fe’llarning barchasini muqobil tarjimalari borligini va ularning ishlatilish jihatidan hammasini huddi shunday vaziyatlarda ishlatila olinishini payqadik. III Bob yuzasidan xulosalar Dissertatsiyamizning III bobi “O zbek va Ingliz tillaridagi tafakkur fe'llarini ʻ o rganilishi natijalari” deb nomlanib, ushbu bob yuzasidan ikki xil tahlil metodlari ʻ orqali tafakkur fe’llarini o rgandik: ʻ 1. Freym tahlil metodi 2. Qiyosiy chog ishtirma tahlil metodi. ʻ Tahlil so nggida quyidagi xulosalarga keldik: ʻ a) fe’llarning turlariga bo lingan holda ko rib chiqilgan tahlillarda o zbek ʻ ʻ ʻ tilida so z boyligida ingliz tilidagi tafakkur fe’llarning barchasini muqobil ʻ tarjimalari borligini va ularning ishlatilish jihatidan hammasini huddi shunday vaziyatlarda ishlatila olinishini payqadik. b) Jadval asosida ko rilgan kognitiv fe’llarning tahlili bo lib, ular asosan ʻ ʻ insonning beshta sezish a’zolariga bog liq holda tahlil qilingan va tahlil natijasi ʻ shuni ko rsataki, kognitiv fe’llarning barcha turlarining o zbek tilida to la ʻ ʻ ʻ qonlicha tarjima va alternativlari mavjud. c) Ikki tilda ham mushohada qilish, bilish holatiga doir bo lgan ʻ fe’llarning barchasi nutqda o ta faol hisoblanadi. Ingliz tilidagi bilish xususiyatiga ʻ aloqador tafakkur fe’llarining barchasini o zbek tilida muqobil tarjimalari mavjud. ʻ Shuningdek, ular mazmun jihatida va tuzilishi jihatidan deyarli bir xil hisoblanadi. Faqatgina e’tirof etishimiz joiz bo lgan birgina fe’l borki, u ham bo lsa ʻ ʻ “blueprint” fe’li bo lib, ushbu fe’lning o zbek tiliga muqobil tarjimasi tafakkur ʻ ʻ qilish (ya’ni bilish) fe’liga o xshamasligi “chizma chizish” “chizmalash” degan ʻ tarjimalarni beradi va u fe’l o zbek tilida tafakkur fe’llari ro yxatiga kirmaydi. ʻ ʻ Ammo, agarda ushbu fe’l gapda majoziy ma’noda ishlatilsa ya’ni biror 69 obyektning chizmasida hayolan chizib anglab yetish ma’nosida qo llanilsagina u ʻ tafakkur fe’li bo la oladi. ʻ d) garchi“kuzatmoq”, “observe”fe’li ifodalanish xususiyatiga ko ra ʻ neutral fe’l hisoblansada ammo inson ongida kuzatmoq fe’li guruhi tarkibida turuvchi fe’llarning aksariyati salbiy ma’noda ishlatiladi va ushbu yuqoridagi fe’llar ijobiy maqsadda ishlatilsada inson onggiga u birinchi bo lib salbiy ma’noda ʻ yetib boradi. Bu “kuzatmoq” fe’l guruhining o ziga jihatlaridan biridir. ʻ XULOSA Chog ishtirilayotgan ikkala tilda ham fe’l turkumiga xos kognitiv jihatdan ʻ ko plab ilmiy ishlar olib borilgan. Ingliz va o zbek tillaridagi fe’l so z turkumiga ʻ ʻ ʻ mansub tafakkur fe’llari ilk bor chog ishtirma-tipologik metod nuqtai nazardan ʻ o rganildi. Mazkur tadqiqotda ingliz va o zbek tillarining fe’l so z turkumiga oid ʻ ʻ ʻ aniq masala tahlilga tortildi, uning o ziga xos jihatlari atroflicha yoritildi va ʻ quyidagi to xtamlarga kelindi: ʻ 1. Birinchi bobda mavzuga doir ko plab ilmiy-nazariy adabiyotlarni ʻ ko rib chiqish natijasida ingliz va o zbek tillariga xos xususiy va umumiy jihatlari ʻ ʻ borligi aniqlandi; 2. Ingliz va o zbek tillarida tafakkur fe llari kognitiv tilshunoslikdagi ʻ ʼ maqomi haqida talqin qilindi; 3. Tafakkur fe’llarining o rganishda 1) qabul qilishjarayoni; 2) kognitiv ʻ fe’llar; 3) harakat fe’llari; 4) ta’riflovchi fe’llar; 5) bilish jarayoni; 6) hissiy jarayon fe’llari kabi tasniflanib, tahlil qilindi; 4. chog ishtirilayotgan tillardagi tafakkur fe’llari struktur, leksik hamda ʻ semantic jihatdan o rganildi; ʻ 70 5. leksik va Grammatik ma noning ishtirokiga ko ra tafakkur fe llarning ʼ ʻ ʼ tasnifi uch xil bo ladi: leksik-semantik, leksik-grammatik va grammatik. Leksik- ʻ semantik tasnif sinonomik qator, antonomik juftlik, semantic maydon, leksik maydon, tematik guruh, leksik-semantik guruh, tushuncha maydonlari kabi guruhlashtirishlardan iborat bo lib, asosan leksikologiyada qo llaniladi. Leksika va ʻ ʻ grammatikani e tiborga olgan holda tilning ma noli birliklarini guruhlashtirish ʼ ʼ leksik-grammatik tasnif sanaladi. So z turkumlari tildagi eng kata va keng ʻ qamrovli leksik-grammatik tasnif hisoblanadi. Grammatik tasnif asosida faqat Grammatik belgi yotadi; 6. chog ishtirilayotgan tillardagi tafakkur fe’llarning o xshash va farqli ʻ ʻ tomonlari freym tahlili asosida aniqlandi; 7. tillarni nisbatan yaqinlashtiruvchi lisoniy faktlar – tanlangan ikki tilda ham fe’llarning tafakkurni ifodalovchi shakllari mavjud va ular asosan morfologik va leksik usulda yasaladi. 8. Tafakkur fe'llari ilmiy jihatdan o rganilishi bosqichlari ʻ aniqlandi; 9. Tafakkur fe’llariga mansub aqliy fe’l semantic nuqtai nazardan Psixik predikatlar predmeti yani shaxs yoki yuqori darajada tashkil etilgan tirik mavjudot va aqliy qism (fikr, taxmin, qaror), bu faqat mavzuning bir qismi sifatida o rganildi; ʻ 10. Ingliz tilida qo llangan tafakkur fe’llarini o zbek tilida qo llangan ʻ ʻ ʻ tafakkur fe’llarining mohiyatan farq qilmasligi aniqlandi; 11. Tafakkur fe’llarining o rganishda 1) qabul qilish jarayoni; 2) kognitiv ʻ fe’llar; 3) harakat fe’llari; 4) ta’riflovchi fe’llar; 5) bilish jarayoni; 6) hissiy jarayon fe’llari kabi turlari misollar yordamida asoslab berildi; 12. Fe’llarning turlariga bo lingan holda ko rib chiqilgan tahlillarda ʻ ʻ o zbek tilida so z boyligida ingliz tilidagi tafakkur fe’llarning barchasini muqobil ʻ ʻ tarjimalari borligini va ularning ishlatilish jihatidan hammasini huddi shunday vaziyatlarda ishlatila olinishini aniqlandi. 71 |
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