U juraev1, b atamuradov

The effect of deep softeners on irrigation, salt washing and cotton yield on soils whose mechanical composition is heavy, meliorative status is difficult
A Juraev¹ U Juraev¹, B Atamuradov², K Rustamova², M Najmiddinov² and A Sadullaev^2
1,2 Bukhara Institute of Natural resources management of National Research University of Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers , 32, Gazli shokh ave., Bukhara, 105009, Uzbekistan

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Abstract. In the article, studies were conducted on the economy of saline soils quality saline washing and irrigation water by deepening of medium coarse soils with a mechanical content of melioration, plaster, salinity in the conditions of Bukhara region. In experiments, basically, there were three ways to soften the field: plowing in the first experiments at 35 cm, plowing in the second experiment at 60 cm, and plowing in the third experiments at a depth of 80 cm. During the experiments, in the first variant of the studies, the norm of salt washing was set to 6480 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5210 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5010 cbm/ha. First of the studies in irrigation of Bukhara 102 varieties, that is, in the control variant to 5821 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5284 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5100 cbm/ha. Watered 5 times during the season. At the same time, high quality cotton was harvested due to the increase in cotton yield to 0,39 t/ha in the variant 2 and 0,129 t/ha in the variant 3 compared to the control, and the land reclamation situation improved. the amount of chlorine ion in the active layer is 0,003 in the variant 2 compared to the control. The amount of dry residue decreased by 0,058% in the variant 2, and the amount of dry residue by 0,063% in the variant 3.
1. Introduction.
Densified soils in the world are widely distributed both in European countries and in arid climatic countries. According to the state of gypsum in the world, densified soils account for about 200 million hectares, which are located mainly in the arid zone. Gypsum of soils is usually high, along with salinity threeraydi, so the fertility of such soils is low. The development of new, modern approaches to the use of such lands in agriculture, the provision of water to arid areas, the assessment of the possibilities and expediency of improving their land reclamation, taking into account the complexity and costs of land reclamation measures, is one of the pressing challenges of chemical reclamation, including technologies that require less environmentally friendly water and resources.[1,5,9,31] In this regard, the development of methods and technologies aimed at increasing the productivity of saline, gypsum, irrigated soils, as well as the cultivation of biomeliorant crops is one of the important tasks. One of the most important issues is the stagnation of agricultural production, their economic and political stability, ensuring food security of the world's population and countries. Degradation of the soil brings great economic losses and threats to humanity. Different forms of soil degradation in different countries are threeraydi, they determine the types of melioration. The choice of effective measures to increase the fertility of saline and gypsum soils, irrigation in the periods of vegetation and novegetation, the economy of water in case of the use of chemical preparations in Salt washing remains an urgent issue[1,2,6,11,23,27].