Universiteti b. A. Bahritdinov s. A. Zokirova
S u v r e s u r s la r i v a q t tis h i b ila n d e y a r li z g a r m a y d ig a n h a jm g a e g a
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S u v r e s u r s la r i v a q t tis h i b ila n d e y a r li z g a r m a y d ig a n h a jm g a e g a b lg a n lig i, a h o li s o n in in g e s a u z lu k s iz r a v is h d a s is h i n a tija sid a s u v bilan ta 'm in la n g a n lik d a r a ja si r e s p u b lik a d a q isq a rib b o r m o q d a . 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 9 7 yillarda m azk u r k rsatkich 3 0 f o iz g a p a s a y d i. R e g io n s u v resu rsla ri a s o s iy qism in i A m u d a ry o v a S ird a ry o h avzalari tash kil 0 ’z b e k i s t a n R e s p u b li k a s id a q i s h l o q x ja lig i y e r ia r in in g u la r d a n f o y d a l a n i s h x u s u s i y a t i g a k o ’ra m a ’m u r iy -h u d u d iy b o l a k l a r 0 ’z b e k i s t o n v ilo y a tla r in in g y e r u s t i s u v la r i b ila n ta 'm in la n g a n lig i b o ’y ic h a t a q s im la n is h i Mamurly hududiy blaklar Qishloq xofjaligi yerlari Shu jumladan Xaydalana- digan yerlar Shundan su g ’orila- digan n yeriar Kp yillik ekinlar Yaylov va tloqlar Bz yerlar foiz eo ming- ga eo ming- ga foiz ming- ga foiz Jami 27511 100 4089 100 3327 100 382 100 22967 100 73 100 Qoraqalpo- g’iston 5348 19.4 430 10.5 430 12.9 13 3.4 4901 21.3 4 5.5 Andlijon 260 09 204 5.0 204 6.1 30 7.9 25 0.1 1 1.4 Buxoro 3088 11.2 200 4.9 200 6.0 26 6.6 2856 12.4 6 8.2 Jizzax 1289 4.7 452 11.1 248 7.5 12 5.5 811 12.4 5 6.9 Qashqadaryo 2253 8.2 665 16.3 413 12.4 37 9.7 1527 6.8 24 32,9 Navoiy 10133 36.8 112 2.7 92 2.8 10 2.6 10004 43.6 7 9.6 Namangan 380 1.4 198 4.8 198 6.0 39 10.2 143 0.6 - - Samarqand 1317 4.8 445 10.9 264 7.9 57 14.9 811 3.5 4 5.5 Surxondaryo 1244 4.5 289 7.1 247 7.4 35 9.2 918 4.0 2 2.7 Sirdaryo 380 1.4 287 7.0 262 7.9 12 3.1 74 0.3 7 9.5 Toshkent 876 3.2 335 8.2 297 8.9 49 12.8 480 2.1 12 16.4 Farg’ona 371 1.4 258 6.3 258 7.8 38 10.0 75 0.3 " " Xorazm 572 2.1 214 5.2 214 6.4 15 3.9 342 1.5 1 0.4 2 5 ja d v a l. Ma’muriy blaklar S u v oqim i, (bir yidda kub.km .) Jam i s u v g a b lgan talab (bir yilda ки Ь .кт.) S u v bilan ta ’m inlan- ganlik darajasi (foiz hisob ida) Amudaryo havzasi 37,31 43*1 86 Qoraqalpog’iston Respubpikasi 10,3 81 Viloyatlar Buxoro 4,86 5,49 89 Qashqadaryo 8,08 7,6 4 106 Samarqand 4,16 4 ,7 8 87 Surxondaryo 5,45 5,65 96 Ma’muriy b laklar S u v oqim i, (bir yillda к и Ь .кт.) Jam i s u v g a b lgan talab (biryilda ки Ь .кт.) S u v bilan ta ’m inlan- ganlik darajasi (foiz h isob ida) Navoiy 1,43 2,31 62 Xorazm 3,03 4,99 61 Sirdaryo havzasi 19,92 28,27 71 Viloyatlar: Andijon 2,53 4,0 63 Namangan 2,71 4,51 60 Jizzax 2,99 3,74 80 Sirdaryo 3,26 4,18 78 Toshkent 4,78 6,06 79 Farg’ona 3,65 5,78 63 zbekiston bo’yicha jami 114,46 71,78 80 A m u d a r y o h a v z a s id a s u v oq im in i k o ’p yillik ta rtib la sh tirish im k o n iy a tig a e g a b lg a n u c h ta yirik R o g u n , N u rek v a T u y a m u y in s u v om borlari qurilgan. U larning foyd ali s i g ’imi - 1 8 ,4 kub. k m g a t e n g , s u v d a n ta sh q a r i, m azk u r h a v z a d a har birining hajm i 2 ku b.km g a c h a b o l g a n 3 1 ta kichik su v om borlari barpo e tilg a n , H a v z a d a g i b a r c h a s u v o m b orlarin in g foyd ali sig a m i 3 6 ,4 kub kmni tashkil eta d i. S h u n d a n 2 4 , 4 k u b .k m g a te n g s u v resu rsla ri Q irg’ia z isto n v a Tojikiston h u d u d la rid a yig ilgan . S h u n d a y qilib, tartiblashtirilib turiluvchi 5 3 к и Ь .к т д а te n g s u v o q im in in g 3 9 ,0 kub km . yoki 7 4 foizi q sh n i m a m la k a tla r h u d u d lg a t o ’g ’ri k elad i. B u n d an ta sh q a ri, Q a sh q a d a r y o viloyatini s u v bilan ta ’m in lo v ch i K arshi m agistrali h a m d a B u xoro viloyatini s u v bilan t a ’m in lo v ch i A m u -B u x o ro k a n a lin in g A m u d a ry o d a n s u v ch iq arib b eru v ch i in sh o o tla ri T u rk m a n isto n h u d u d id a jo y la s h g a n . Bu holat s o b iq Ittifoq p a r c h a la n ib k e tg a n d a n k e y in g i d a v r d a 0 ’rta O s iy o v a Q o z o g 'isto n h u d u d id a s u v r es u r sla r in i t a q s im la s h b o r a s id a q s h im c h a m u a m m o la r n in g k elib c h iq is h ig a s a b a b b lm o q d a . C h u n k i m u s ta q illik k a c h a b o l g a n d a v rd a 0 ’z b e k is t o n h u d u d id a h o s il b lu v c h i ja m i y e r u sti s u v r es u r sla rin in g 5 5 - 5 8 fo iz ig in a i s t e ’m ol qilinar, u n in g d ey a r li 8 5 f o iz ig a t e n g q ism id a n e s a y erla m i s u g ’o rish m a q s a d la r id a fo y d a la n ila r e d i. Yirik s a n o a t k o r x o n a la r i, c h o r v a c h ilik m a jm u a la r i, a h o li m a n z ilg o h la r i y a q in id a j o y la s h g a n d a r y o la r v a y e r o s ti su v la r ig a o q a v a su v la r bilan har xil iflo sla n tiru v ch i k o m p o n e n tla r n in g q u y ilish i ju d a k a tta s a lb iy o q ib a tla r g a olib k e lm o q d a . B u n in g n a tija sid a su v la r n in g m in e r a lla s h g a n lig i k u c h a y m o q d a v a u la r z a h a r li c h i q i n d il a r b ila n i f l o s l a n t i r i l m o q d a . D a r y o s u v la r i n i n g m in e ra lla sh g a n lig i A m u d a ry o n in g 0 ’z b e k is to n h u d u d ig a o ’tish jo y id a 1 ,7 prom ille k rsa tk ich id a b lsa , O x a n g a r o n d a r y o s id a 8 ,1 p r o m ille g a c h a y e ta d i. Yer va s u v resu rsla ri q ish lo q x jaligin in g a s o s iy ish la b ch iq a rish vosita sid ir. q is h lo q x ja lik is h la b c h iq a r is h id a r e s p u b lik a h u d u d in in g 71 fo izi v a s u v resurslari lim itining 8 2 fo iz id a n fo y d a la n ila d i. z b e k is t o n s u v r e s u r sla r in in g a s o s i y i s t e ’m o lch ila ri q is h lo q x jaligi v a san oatd ir. S u v d a n fo y d a la n is h n in g tahlili s a n o a t v a k o m m u n a l x o ’jalik d a m avjud te x n o lo g ik ja r a y o n la r z a m o n a v iy te x n ik ta la b la r g a j a v o b b e r m a y o tg a n lig id a n d a lo la t b e r m o q d a . K o rxon alard a s u v d a n fo y d a la n is h n in g a y la n m a tizimi tatbiq e tilm a g a n , m a m la k a td a a y la n m a su v n in g s a lm o g ’i atigi 5 7 foizn i tash k il eta d i. B u n d a y h o la t Q o r a q a lp o g ’is to n R e s p u b lik a s id a ( 3 ,3 fo iz ), S a m a r q a n d ( 1 2 ,7 foiz) v a J iz z a x ( 2 5 ,2 fo iz) v ilo y a tla rd a m u rak k ab t u s g a e g a . R e s p u b li k a d a i s t e ’m o l q ilin a d ig a n ja m i s u v n i n g 8 2 - 8 5 fo iz i q is h lo q x o ’ja lig ig a t o ’g ’ri k e la d i. S h u n in g u c h u n h a m , s u v d a n f o y d a l a n i s h g a x o s m u a m m o la rn in g k o ’p ch ilig i s h u ta r m o q b ilan b o g ’la n g a n . M u s t a q illik k a c h a b o ’lg a n d a v r d a s u g ’o r ila d ig a n y e r la r m a y d o n in in g to ’x to v siz k en gaytirib b orilgan ligi, k an allar v a s u v o m b orlarin in g b a rp o qilinishi q is h lo q x ja lig id a s u v d a n f o y d a l a n i s h d a r a j a s in in g n ih o y a td a k a tta lig ig a k p in ch a uni x ja siz la r c h a ist m o l q ilis h g a s a b a b b ldi. I llo v a . M USTAQIL Z B E K IS T O N XALQ X O JA L IG IN IN G RAVNAQ T O PISH ID A SA N O A TN IN G R O ’LI z b e k is t o n xalq x o jaligini yirik tarm oq larid an biri s a n o a t blib, u n d a ish bilan b a n d b lg a n a h o lin in g 1/8 fa oliyat k o ’r sa tm o q d a . S a n o a t - k o ’p tarm oqli s o h a . z b e k is t o n d a u n in g y u z d a n ortiq ta r m o g ’i m avju d . A s o s iy fon d larn in g 4 0 fo izi s a n o a t d a , y a lp i ichki m a h s u lo tn in g 1 7 fo izi y a n a s a n o a t d a y a r a tila d i. M am lak atim iz s a n o a ti korxonalarid a elek tr e n e r g iy a s i, g a z , neft, kmir, b e n z in , p o ’lat, avtom ob illar, q ish lo q x o ’jaligi m a sh in a la ri, elek tro d v ig a tella r, a k k u m u ly a - torlar, kabellar, e k sk a v a to r , yigiruv m a sh in a la ri, sa m o ly o tla r, m ineral o ’g'it, su iy tola, oltin gugu rt k islo ta si, turli qurilish m ateriallari, g a zla m a la r, un, p a x ta m oyi, g u r u c h , k iy im -k e c h a k v a b o s h q a o z iq -o v q a t m a h s u lo tla r i ish la b ch iq a r ila d i. T arm oqlarning s a n o a t d a tu tg a n rni har xil. 1 -J a d v a l S a n o a t m a h s u lo t la r in in g ta r m o q la r b o ’y ic h a ta rk ib i ( fo iz d a ) 1. Tarmoqlar 1995 19 9 7 2. Butun sa n o a t 100 100 3. Yoqilg’i-en ergetika majmui 1 8 ,3 2 6 ,8 4. Metallurgiya 1 3,9 10,7 5. Kimyo va neft san oati 5,2 4 ,2 6. M ashinasozlik va metallni qayta ishlash 8 .8 12,0 7. Y og o ch sozlik san oati 1,0 0,8 8. Qurilish materiallari san oati 4 ,5 4 ,2 9. Yengil s a n o a t 1 8,6 17,6 10. O ziq-ovqat sa n o a ti 9.8 9 .8 11. Un, don va aralash yem san oati 9 ,9 9 ,9 S a n o a t tarm oq lari o r a s id a q ish lo q x jaligi m a h su lo tla rin i q a y ta ish lo v c h i v a a g r o s a n o a t m a jm u ig a x izm a t k rsatu vchi tarm oq lar tarixan y e ta k c h i m a v q e g a e g a . B ular p axta t o z a la s h , sh o y i t q ish , k o n s e r v a , y o g ’-m o y v a b o s h q a s a n o a t turlaridir. S h u b ilan b ir g a k im yo v a n eft k im y o si, m a s h in a s o z lik , e le k tr o n ik a , e n e r g e tik a , m eta llu rg iy a , y e n g il v a qurilish m ateriallari s a n o a ti jad al sur^atlarda riv o jla n m o q d a . S a n o a t ta r a q q iy o tid a y o q ilg ’i- e n e r g e t ik a m a jm u a s in in g rni a lo h id a . U n in g tark ib iga g a z , n eft q a z is h v a ularn» q a y ta is h la s h , km ir q a z is h v a elek tr q u w a ti ish la b ch iq a rish kiradi. B u m a jm u a n in g m a m la k a t s a n o a t is h la b c h iq a r is h id a g i h i s s a s i 2 6 , 8 f o iz d a n ib o ra t. 0 ' z b e k i s t o n j a h o n d a g i 1 0 ta yirik g a z is h la b c h iq a r u v c h i m am lak atlar ju m la s ig a kiradi. R e sp u b lik a d a qudratli g id ro elek tr s ta n siy a la r i v a issiq lik elek tr sta n siy a la r i m avjud . M eta llu rg iy a m a jm u a s i ta rk ib ig a m a 'd a n x o m a s h y o s in i, q o r a v a rangli m etallarni q a z ib c h iq a ru v ch i, boyituvch i v a q a y ta ish ia b ch iq a ru v ch i korxon alar kiradi. Oltin, k u m u sh , m is, q o ’rg’o s h in , rux, volfram , m olib d en , litiy, uran, alyum iniy xo m a s h y o s i, nodir m eta lla r v a b o s h q a q a to r q a z ilm a b o y lik la m in g a n iq la n g a n zaxiralari k o ’p. 0 ’z b e k is to n d a oltin n ing 3 0 ta koni to p ilg a n . Q a z ib o lin a d ig a n o ltin n in g u m u m iy m iq d ori b o ’y ic h a 0 ’z b e k i s t o n MDH m a m la k a tla ri o r a s id a ikkinchi, k u m u s h , m is , q o ’rg’o s h in , rux v a v o lfra m b o ’y ic h a u c h in c h i o ’rinni e g a lla y d i. 0 ’z b e k i s t o n j a h o n h a m ja m iy a tid a oltin is h la b c h iq a r is h m iq d ori b y ic h a s a k k iz in c h i, uni a h o li jo n b o s h i g a is h la b c h iq a r is h b y ic h a e s a b e s h in c h i rin d a turadi. K im yo v a m a s h in a s o z lik m ajm ualari s a n o a tn in g m uh im soh alarid ir. Y angi iq itso d iy s h a r o it d a b u ta r m o q la r d a c h u q u r tark ib iy q a y ta q u r ish la r a m a lg a o s h ir ilm o q d a . U la r m a m la k a tn in g iq tis o d iy m u s ta q illig in i m u s t a h k a m la s h g a y o ’naltirilgan. Ishlab ch iq a r ila y o tg a n is t e ’m ol m ollarining u c h d a n bir q ism i y e n g il s a n o a t korxonalari to m o n id a n a m a lg a o sh ir ilm o q d a . Bu y e rd a a a n a v iy y e ta k c h i s o h a t q im ach ilik d ir. S a n o a t i s h l a b c h iq a r is h in in g r iv o j la n is h s a m a r a d o r iig ig a t a ’s i r k r s a t u v c h i o m illa r S a n o a t i s h l a b c h i q a r is h n in g t a r m o q la r i t u z i lm a s in i z g a r t ir i s h v a ta k om illash tirish iqtisodiy, ilm iy-texnik v a ijtimoiy s iy o s a tn in g a s o s iy n e g izi b lib x iz m a t q ila d i. I s h la b c h iq a r u v c h i k u c h la r h a m d a s a n o a t t a r m o q la r in in g rivojlanish i ilm iy -tex n ik ta ra q q iy o t to v a r la r g a b o ’lg a n ta la b n in g q o n d ir ilish ig a , tovarlar sifa tin in g y a x s h ila n is h ig a o lib b orad i. A h olin i sifatli m a h s u lo tla r bilan ta ’m in la sh u zviy ra v ish d a s a n o a t ish la b c h iq a r ish tarm oq tu z ilm a sin in g o ’z g a rish i h a m d a y a n g i ta r m o q la r n in g v u ju d g a k e lis h i, m avju d larin i rivojlan tirish b ilan b o g liqdir. Bu orq ali iq tiso d iy tizim d a , u y ok i bu ta r m o q d a ijobiy siljish so d ir b ladi h a m d a iq tiso d iy o tn in g rivojlanish d in a m ik a si zg a ra d i. S a n o a t ta rm o q la ri tu z ilm a s in i ta k o m illa s h tir is h n in g a s o s i y y o n a lish la r i qu yidagilardir: - i s h la b c h iq a r is h v o s it a la r i v a i s t e ’m o l m o lla r i is h la b c h i q a r a d i g a n tarm oq lar o r a s id a m u ta n o sib lik rn atish; - ish la b c h iq a r is h tu z ilm a sin in g p r o g n o z v a te n d e n siy a la r in i ish la b ch iq ish ; - tarm o q la rn in g ta sh q i iq tisod iy faoliyatin i barqarorlashtirish ; - ilm iy-texn ik taraqqiyotni ja d a lla sh tirish , ilg’or tex n o lo g iy a la rn i joriy etish ; - s h a x s iy v a ijtimoiy i s t e ’m olni r g a n is h h a m d a aholini s a n o a t m ah su lo tla ri bilan t o ’la ta ’m in la sh ; - ta r m o q la rd a x o m a s h y o v a r e s u r s la r d a n o q ilo n a fo y d a la n is h s a m a r a - dorligini o sh ir ib b o rish . T arm oqlar tu zilm a sin i sh a k lla n tirish d a a s o s iy tibor iq tisod iy rayon larn in g b a rch a tarm oq larini resu rslar, k ap ital m a b la g ’lar, x o m a s h y o v a m ateriallar bilan ta ’m in la sh , m e h n a t resu r sla rid a n o q ilo n a f o y d a la n is h g a q ara tilg a n . B o z o r iq tiso d iy o ti s h a r o itid a ta r m o q t u z ilm a s in in g r iv o jla n ish d a r a ja s i ta la b g a ja v o b b erm a y d i. T arm oq lam in g ichki qurilm asini q a y ta qu rish , m a h s u lo t is h la b c h iq a r is h va a h o lin in g tu rm u sh d a ra ja sin i o s h ir is h , c h e t el korxonalari b ila n i q t i s o d i y h a m k o r lik q i l is h , c h e t e l i n v e s t i t s i y a l a r i h a m d a i l g ’o r te x n o lo g iy a la r in i sifatli s a n o a t m ollari ta y y o r la s h g a s a fa r b a r qilish vazifalarin i hal e tis h lozim . A s o s iy fon d lar tu zilm a sin i q u y id a g i k o ’rin ish d a t a s a w u r qilish mum kin: - ish la b ch iq a ru v ch i va ish la b ch iq a rm a y d ig a n a s o s iy fondlar; - a s o s iy ish la b c h iq a rish fond larining aktiv v a p a s s iv qism i; - a lo h id a e le m e n tla r u lu sh i. S a n o a t is h la b c h iq a r is h tu z ilm a s i t la -t k is is h la b c h iq a r is h o m illari tark ib id a n v a s h u tarkibni ta sh k il etu v c h i e le m e n t la m in g o q ilo n a v a ria n tid a n iboratdir. A n a s h u om illarning um u m iyligi yoki b o g liq lig in in g m u n ta za m bu zilishi milliy iq tiso d iy o tn in g b a rch a b o ’g ’inlariga y o m o n t a ’sir qiladi, ish la b ch iq a rish sa m a r a d o r lig in i p a s a y tir a d i. 0 ’z b e k is t o n R e s p u b lik a s i iq tiso d iy o tin i b a r k a m o lla sh tir is h d a in s o n om ili a lo h id a rin tutadi. U iq tiso d iy o t tu z ilm a sin in g ja d a lla sh tir is h n in g q s h im c h a sh a ro iti sifa tid a ishtirok e ta d i, s h u n d a u a h o lin in g d a r o m a d ig a , ish c h ila rn in g m a la k a s in i o s h ir is h g a v a b o s h q a ijtim oiy ja r a y o n la r g a h a m t a ’sir k rsa ta d i, m u tla q o y a n g i m a la k a li v a m a ’lu m o tli tu z ilm a n i s h a k lla n tir a d i. B u m a s a l a q a n ch a lik m u h im b lm a sin , lekin u h a m iq tisod iyotn i o ’rg a n ish v a rejalash tirish a m a liy o tid a o ’z a k sin i to p a d i, ch u n k i sh u v a q tg a c h a s a n o a t ish la b ch iq arish in i r iv o jla n tir is h j a r a y o n id a f a q a t s o n q iy m a tig a e ’tib o r b e rilib sifa ti h i s o b g a o lin m a g a n . H ozirgi s h a r o itd a , y a ’ni iq tiso d iy o t rivojlan ish s u r ’atini ja d a lla sh tir is h v a x a lq tu r m u s h d a r a ja sin i o s h ir is h d a ta rm o q la ra ro v a s a n o a t is h la b ch iq a r ish i s o h a l a r i b y i c h a r e s u r s l a r , k a p ita l m a b l a g l a r v a m e h n a t r e s u r s la r in i t a q s im la s h n in g s h u n d a y y o ’n a lis h in i iz la s h lo z im k i, b u y o ’n a lis h q o y i l g a n ijtim o iy -iq tiso d iy m a q s a d g a m u m k in q a d a r s a m a r a li e r is h is h u c h u n im k o n b e r s in . Q ilin gan tahlil natijalari m o d d iy ish la b c h iq a rish tarm oq lari sa m a ra d o rlig in i b a h o la s h u ch u n yetarli a s o s b o lib x izm a t qila o lm a y d i. U lard an fa q a t s a n o a t is h la b c h iq a r is h tarm oq lari tu z ilm a s in in g miiliy d a r o m a d in i sh a k lla n tirish v a o s h ir is h g a t a ’sirini tahlil q ilish p a y tid a fo y d a la n is h m um k in . R e s p u b l i k a s a n o a t i s h l a b c h i q a r i s h s a m a r a d o r l i g i n i o s h i r i s h d a m in ta q a d a g i tarm oqlarni har t o m o n la m a tahlil qilish ijtim oiy-iqtisodiy m a s a la la m i hal e t is h d a y en g illa sh tira d i. B u n d a y tahlil qilish n a fa q a t m o d d iy ish la b ch iq a rish Download 35.04 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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