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1BBAAF49-1B24-43BE-84BA-AEC79EF37D00.lecture 2 typol. last

Genetic typology

  • Its origin was stipulated by the discovery of Sanskrit, the ancient classical language of India. The discovery of Sanskrit disclosed the possibility of a comparative study of languages. The concept of relative languages was confirmed by the existence in India of a sisterhood of familiar European languages: e.g. Sanskrit «mata» means «mother», in the accusative case «matarum».Dvau-two, Trayah – three. As ti - he is, etc.
  • Genetic Typology compares the systems of languages in two ways: diachronically and synchronically.

Areal Typology compares language systems and studies the degree of expansion and proximity of language properties which are geographically conditioned.

  • Areal Typology compares language systems and studies the degree of expansion and proximity of language properties which are geographically conditioned.
  • Objects of study include borrowings, bi-lingual features, dialects, centum/satem languages, compiling dialectal maps, sub-stratum and super-stratum languages, neologisms, archaisms, hybrid languages, language contacts .
  • The representatives of this school are Roman Jacobson and Ghak V.G.

Centum and Satem Languages

  • Languages of the Indo-European Group are classified as either centum or satem , according to how the dorsal consonants
  • ( sounds of K and G type ) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed.

Centum and satem Languages

  • In centum Languages they typically begin with a [k] sound,in satem with [S]
  • The centum languages are all in the west or south-west(Celtic, Germanic ,Venetic, Italic,Greek) and the satem languages are in the East.

Structural typology

  • aims to identify structural language types. Structural typology has 4 branches:
  • 1. Language universals;
  • 2. Typological classification;
  • 3. Ethalon language;
  • 4.Typological theory.
  • The ultimate goal of Structural typology is identifying universal features of lan-guages. Major scholars who contributed to the development of structural typology are B. Uspenskiy, V.R Nedyalkov, Ch. Hockette, Yu.Rojdestvenskiy.

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