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Language Universals are bound to the unification of language facts, identifying common/similar features specific to systems of all or separate language groups.

• Language Universals are bound to the unification of language facts, identifying common/similar features specific to systems of all or separate language groups.
• The notion of Language Universals appeared in 1961 at the Congress of Linguists in New York .A Linguistic Universal is a certain feature specific to all languages of the world "

Language Universals

• Wherever humans exist, language exists.
• All languages are equally complex and equally capable of expressing any idea in the world.
• The vocabulary of any language can be expanded to include new words for new concepts.
• All languages change through time.

Typological classification

• Morphological or Typological classification deals with the classification of languages according to their structural features or types in language instead of the genealogical origin.
• F.ex: the classification of languages based on the order of the verb, subject and object in a sentence into several types: SVO, SOV, VSO.

Ethalon Language

• Ethalon language is an object language for ComparativeTypology and it is also a means or system of tools to compare languages. It is usually identified deductively. The notion of etalon language was introduced by Boris Uspensky.

Typological Theory

• The typological theory defines common linguistic notions used in Comparative Typology. The typological theory is used to define language isomorphism (common features ) and allomorphism (differentiating signs).

Comparative Typology

• Comparative typology is an independent branch of Comparative Typology. It deals with the comparison of languages irrespectively of their genetic or structural identity.

Branches of typology as to the levels of Language hierarchy

• 1.Phonetic or phonological
• 2.Morphological
• 3.Syntactic
• 4.Lexical

• Phonetic and phonological typology deals with the comparison of units of the phonologic level of language. It engages in the allocation of phonological differential signs, defining their universality, study of the phonological structure of languages, classification of languages on the basis of their phonological features (e.g. tonic and atonic languages).Trubetskoy is the founder .