Works of young research scientists in New Uzbekistan

PSYCHOLOGICAL AGE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract: In this article, the psychological age of preschool children we can learn about their characteristics and their importance in the healthy development of the child.
Key words: child, independent activity, preschool children, psychology, healthy
The physical growth of a child after he turns three years old and goes to preschool age it slows down a bit. Unevenness in the child's physical growth during this period as well continues. For example, the height growth of a child from birth to one year old we can see in the table below. Physical development in preschool age indicators: Age 0–1 1–2 2–3 3–4 4–5 5–6 6–7 Height (cm) 25 40 8 4 6–7 7–8 10 The body of a preschool child, in particular, in the trunk due to the lengthening of the legs the general proportion changes in the preschool age of the child from 3 to 7 years constitutes a large part of childhood. Mainly from this period of the child develop independent activities and personal individual characteristics (personal qualities) begins to find content.
P.F. Lesgaft, one of the Russian pedagogues, believes that a person is before school The period of age is such a period that during this period, what kind of character will be in the future the appearance of his characteristics is determined and the foundations of his moral qualities are formed. Human P.F. Lesgaft's about the importance of the preschool period in growing up opinion fully corresponds to the following opinion of the Russian pedagogue A.S. Makarenko. A.S. Makarenko talking about the need to educate children from a very young age, the most of education important foundations are created during the period of the child up to the age of five. Here it is he said that the entire education during this period is 90% of the education process. Indeed, the period of preschool age of a child is so meaningful and active It is a period that will definitely affect the child's future growth. that is why the period of preschool age is very responsible in terms of the power of influence. The child is first after the age before school, his whole living conditions have undergone serious changes will give. First, when a child reaches kindergarten age, his scope of activity is much wider, independence will increase. His games and actions also have a different meaning begins to happen. Secondly, the role of speech in the whole activity of the child increases. Thirdly, after the child reaches preschool age, a special pedagogue based on a specific program begins to be brought up by Living conditions of preschool children These changes affect his physical and mental development will not be enough.
Physical development of the preschool child Above as we have already mentioned, the fastest physical growth period of a child is one or two years old it's right. The physical growth of a child after he turns three years old and goes to preschool age it slows down a bit. Unevenness in the child's physical growth during this period as well continues. For example, the height growth of a child from birth to one year old we can see in the table below. Physical development in preschool age indicators: Age 0–1 1–2 2–3 3–4 4–5 5–6 6–7 Height (cm) 25 40 8 4 6–7 7–8 10 The body of a preschool child, in particular, in the trunk due to the lengthening of the legs the general ratio changes. Relative to the legs of the child during the preschool age grows more. Even so, the bones of a child up to 6-7 years old are still there it is not well hardened, that is, it is in a lumpy state. Share of preschool children and they are very mobile, despite the fact that their muscles are not yet strong. The child is 7 years old after reaching, the cervical part of the spine goes forward, and the chest part goes backthere is a certain tilt towards Later, this is the spine of the child is preserved in form. The spine is important for the correct posture of the child it is very important to keep it in this state. The head of a child of kindergarten age bones also grow quickly. After the child is three years old, the back and top of the skull sides grow quickly. There are also serious changes in the child's internal organs at preschool age it happens. For example, a child's heart is 4- 5 times bigger, but his muscles are still not strong enough will be. That's why the heart of a kindergarten-age child is an organism in one contraction cannot pump enough blood for A child's heart is better than an adult's heart This is the reason why it beats faster. For example, if 1 year old a child's heart squeezes 10.2 cubic cm of blood in one contraction, a 7-year-old child the heart squeezes 23 cubic centimeters of blood in one contraction. Of an adult and the heart squeezes more than 60 cubic centimeters of blood in one contraction. Before school During the age period, the blood pressure of the child is high due to the relatively faster working of the heart it will be a little stronger compared to people.
Development of the nervous system of preschool children Preschool children During the development of their psyche, there are many changes that occur in their nervous systems plays a big role. The period of the strongest development of children's nervous systems 1 corresponds to the period up to the age of The average size of the brain of a newborn child weight is 380-400 g. Before a child reaches kindergarten age, his brain develops very quickly. will increase almost three times. So, the weight of the brain of children who have reached the age of kindergarten It reaches 1100–1200 g. Next, the nervous system of preschool children during development, centers in the cortex of the brain with each other connecting nerve fibers are also covered with myelin sheath. A nerve in the brain coating of fibers with a myelin sheath is a reflection process, that is, mental processes and is very important for their development. Nerve fibers when myelinated, firstly, the impulses pass quickly through the nerve fibers provided, secondly, it ensures that the excitation goes only to the appropriate center. As a result, the organism is affected by various stimuli from the external environment conditioned reflexes (temporary connections) arising due to the effect are formed relatively quickly will be. In addition, it is important that each movement goes exactly to the appropriate center ensures that children of his age can manage their actions with dexterity.