Xorazm ma’mun akademiyasi axborotnomasi – /2020 Ўзбекистон республикаси фанлар академияси минтақавий бўлими

XORAZM MA’MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOMASI –11/3-2022__________ 
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master all the components of educational activities that form the basis for the formation of 
independence. 
The problem of the development of independent activity of students was dealt with by well-
known psychologists: A.N.Leontiev, P.Y.Galperin, I.A.Zimnyaya, etc. In the structure of independent 
activity, scientists distinguish structural parts: awareness of the purpose and conditions of activity, an 
action program, self-esteem and self-correction. These stages underlie the classification of 
independent work: copying, reproducing, actually independent, creative. Based on this, independent 
work is a factor in increasing the skills of independent activity. Therefore, its organization must be 
given attention, especially in elementary school. 
Independent activity, according to B.P.Esipov, is a means for the formation of cognitive 
abilities in students, such as: observation, logical thinking, inquisitiveness, memory, imagination, 
creative activity in obtaining knowledge and applying. 
Teachers E.N.Dutko, I.M.Nosachenko and N.M.Rosenberg identified the main features of 
independent activity of students: 
1. Management by the teacher. 
2. Focus on independent assimilation of knowledge, methods for solving practical and 
educational tasks, including planning activities, finding ways to achieve the goal, the ability to 
exercise self-control and adjust work based on its results. 
3. The possibility of organizing and conducting individual, group and frontal forms of work. 
Developing independence in student, the teacher takes into account the psychological 
characteristics of students, systematically and purposefully forms the basic skills and abilities of 
independent activity, fosters creative activity and the ability to navigate the variety of human 
activities.
An integral part of the lesson at school is independent work, it is one of the methods for shaping 
the independent activity of student. In the process of learning, this type of work develops cognitive 
activity and abilities in student, as well as improves those skills and abilities, without which further 
mastery of knowledge is impossible. If class independent work is organized correctly, students will 
develop voluntary attention, independence as a trait of character and personality trait. The teacher 
needs for each lesson to find new opportunities for its organization, to use preparatory, educational, 
testing and other independent exercises. 
In his classification, P.I.Pidkasisty outlined the level of independent productive activity of 
students and identified four types of independent work: according to the model, reconstructive, 
variable and creative. Considering independent work according to the model, we can note that with 
the help of them, students develop skills and abilities and their strong consolidation, as well as 
creating a foundation for independent activity. Such independent work includes tables, diagrams, 
which are filled in after the teacher presents new material. Also, these are various types of work on 
the texts of textbooks, fiction and popular science literature, practical work on the ground, on the 
educational and experimental site. 
The level of cognitive independence in the course of performing such types of work and tasks 
of students is manifested in comprehension, memorization, recognition, textual reproduction or 
summing up a new fact, event, phenomenon under an already known concept. These types of work 
create the necessary conditions for the transition of the child to perform tasks of a higher level of 
cognitive activity and independence. 
Independent work of this type includes work with a text in which words are missing and 
students need to insert them, work on filling in various tables, compiling various food chains, 
correlating a generic concept with a specific one, etc. In order to successfully complete tasks of this 
type, it is necessary to analyze the solutions and choose the most rational one. 
In the process of performing variable independent work, students master the skills and abilities 
of finding an answer outside of a known sample. In the process of constant search for new solutions, 
generalization and systematization of the acquired knowledge, their transfer to absolutely non-
standard situations, a creative personality is formed, the student's knowledge becomes more flexible. 

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