Ўзбекистон Республикаси Олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги Фарғона давлат университети Чет тиллар факультети

a) In the types of syllables:
Closed Syllables: A closed syllable has one and only one vowel, and it ends in a consonant. Examples include in, ask, truck, sock, stretch, twelfth, and on.
Open Syllables: An open syllable has one and only one vowel, and that vowel occurs at the end of the syllable. Examples include no, she, I, a, and spry.
Silent-E Syllables: A silent-e syllable ends in an e, has one and only one consonant before that e, and has one and only one vowel before that consonant. Examples include ate, ice, tune, slope, strobe, and these.
Vowel Combination Syllables: A vowel combination syllable has a cluster of two or three vowels or a vowel-consonant unit with a sound or sounds particular to that unit. Examples include rain, day, see, veil, pie, piece, noise, toy, cue, and true.
Vowel-R Syllables: A vowel-r syllable is one which includes one and only one vowel followed by an r, or one vowel followed by an r which is followed by a silent e, or a vowel combination followed by an r. Examples include car, or, care, ire, air, and deer.
Consonant-LE Syllables: In these syllables, a consonant is followed by le. The vowel sound in these syllables is the schwa sound that occurs before the l. Examples include -ble, -cle, -dle, -fle, and -gle.
b) In dividing words into syllables:
There are four ways to split up a word into its syllables:
1. Division between two middle consonants.
Words that have two middle consonants. For example:
hap/pen, bas/ket, let/ter, sup/per, din/ner, and Den/nis. The only exceptions are the consonant digraphs. Never split up consonant digraphs as they really represent only one sound. The exceptions are "th", "sh", "ph", "th", "ch", and "wh".
2. Division before a single middle consonant.
When there is only one syllable, it is usually divided in front of it, as in:
"o/pen", "i/tem", "e/vil", and "re/port". The only exceptions are those times when the first syllable has an obvious short sound, as in "cab/in".
3. Division before the consonant before an "-le" syllable.
When a word has the old-style spelling in which the "-le" sounds like "-el", it is divided before the consonant before the "-le". For example: "a/ble", "fum/ble", "rub/ble" "mum/ble" and "thi/stle". The only exception to this are "ckle" words like "tick/le".
4. Division of any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and roots which have vowel sounds, parts of compound words like "sports/car" and "house/boat", prefixes such at "un/happy", "pre/paid", or "re/write". Also suffixes as in the words "farm/er", "teach/er", "hope/less" and "care/ful". In the word "stop/ping", the suffix is actually "-ping" because this word follows the rule that when "-ing" is added to a word with one syllable, the last consonant is doubled and "-ing is added[Internet 45].
Syllable division in English has the following three characteristic features which makes it different from Uzbek and Russian:
1. Dependence of the type of consonant, determining the type of syllable, upon the duration of the preceding vowel.
2. The frequent use of syllabic sonorants.
3. The frequent use of unisyllabic words with clusters of consonants.
In words of more than one syllable, a short stressed vowel requires an initially strong consonant after it. Thus, close syllables are formed in such words as the following:
funny [fʌn-i] Polly ['pͻl-i]
city ['sit-i] Dinny ['din-i]
money ['mʌn-i] copy[кͻр-i]
mummy ['mʌm-i]
The number of such words is very great in the English language, so that it is very important for a foreign learner of English to be able to pronounce them correctly. In English, a long stressed vowel or a diphthong is followed by a finally strong consonant, and thus an open syllable is formed:
border ['bͻ:-də] open ['ou-рən] favour ['fei-və] April['ei-pril]
The second peculiarity of English syllabic construction, syllabic sonorants can be observed in two cases[38.33]:
1) When the first syllable of a word is formed by a short stressed vowel, followed by an initially strong consonant. In such cases, the first syllable is close, while the second syllable consists of a syllabic sonorant only: ['bʌt|n], ['kͻt|n], bit|n].
Words of this type have the same peculiarity as the words copy, money, etc; the two syllables are closely blended and cannot be isolated owing to the shortness of the vowel and to the peculiar pronunciation of the sequence of consonants [tl], [tn], [dl], [dn]. The plosive [t], [d] is blended with the following homorganic [n] or [1], for the former has no explosion and the pause of the plosive is prolonged for the following sonorant. Words of this type are a stumbling block to Uzbeks, who have a tendency to make the first syllable open and to insert a vowel in the second sylable, so that the pronunciation is as follows: little ['li-təl], middle ['mi-dəl].
2) When an open syllable, formed by a long vowel or a diphthong, is followed by a syllable formed by a consonant noise + a syllabic sonorant: ['ei-bl], ['nou-ʃn], ['tei-bl] ['kͻ:-ʃn].
3. It is necessary to mention a type of syllable which is very characteristic of the English language. It is a close syllable with a short vowel and a cluster of consonants at the end, such as: texts [teksts], breaths [breθs], puffs [pʌfs], sixths [siksθs], sevenths [sevənθs], etc., especially such combinations as [θs], [nθs], [sθs], [fθs], unfamiliar to Uzbeks.